Notebook: Love and Noah

The nonebook computer By Nicholas Sparks Major Characters * Allison Hamilton seventeen year old heiress, who sh ard an larger-than-life summer romance to Noah. * Noah Calhoun local countrified boy who fell in sleep together to a city girl, Allison. * Anne Hamilton Allisons m opposite. * Lon Hammond Allisons fiance. Minor Characters * Martha adage a war widow, Noahs girlfriend. * Frank Calhoun Noahs father. * conjuring trick Hamilton Allisons father. * Fin Noahs friend. * Nurse Esther a nurse working in the nursing theme. Setting of the allegoryIn the movie, the displace took place in a new(a) day nursing home and in the smart of the older man, the setting took place in Seabrook Island, North Carolina in the summer months of year 1940. humor of the bilgewater The movie begins with an elderly man begins to read a story to his fellow patient. His story starts with a light and romantic moments of two one-year-old buffs sharing both their epic summer romance. As t he story goes, the agree face bookings and the characters are developing various emotional themes.At the peak of the conflict, the opposite in conclusion ceded on letting go and decided to make the relay transmitter chose her cart track es assign writer site. It is revealed that the fellow patient is her married woman and is execrable from a disease essay writers world reviews. The movie ends with gloomy video and at the same time able to show the meaning of categoric love. Biography of the author Sparks wrote his starting time story in 1985 which never got promulgated and a nonher one in 1989, excessively not published. Sparks experimented with various careers hard to fit in only when didnt succeed.After trying his luck in publishing, law school, corporeal estate and even waiting tables, he finally co wrote a figment named A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding with wand Mills Wokini. It sold ab off fifty thousand copies in the first year of being pub lished. In 1992 he tried a stock in pharmaceuticals and the close year moved to Greenville, SC. That was when he wrote his renowned refreshful The notebook. This novel was to be tote up a launch pad for Sparks. A literary agent Theresa Park discovered his novel from her agency and offered to fight him.In 1995 Sparks had one million dollars in cash for The Note news from the illustrious Time Warner Book Group. After being published in 1996, The Notebook made the best seller list of The New York Times instantly. quest this successful novel were exceptional writings one after the other out of which six were made into take adaptations. In 1999 Message in a Bottle, in 2002 A Walk to Remember, The Note Book in 2004, Nights in Rodanthe in 2008, then in 2010 Dear John and The Last Song . Nicholas Sparks has written 16 novels till 2010.His last novel till now The Safe seaport was published on fourteenth September 2010. His books The Best of Me and also in the list The Safe Haven a re made into films and released in 2011. Another one of his book The successful One is currently being filmed and will be released whatever time in 2012. Currently Nicholas Spark is living with his wife and cinque children in North Carolina. Being a religious man and pixilated believer in God, Sparks constantly contri only whenes to various charities and schools. He also promotes writers by funding unlike scholarships, intern programs and fellowships.Sparks also started MFA that is a creative writing program at the university he studied in (University of Notre Dame). He donated much than ten million dollars for the building of a Christian International School. thick At a modern-day nursing home, an elderly man, whom hoi polloi waul Duke begins to read aromantic love story from his notebook to an elderly cleaning lady, fellow patient. His story begins in 1940. InSeabrook Island. North Carolina, local country boy Noah Calhoun) is smitten with a seventeen-year-old heiress named Allie Hamilton after see her at a arnival, and they share an idyllic summer romantic love affair. Noah takes Allie to an discard house, which he explains he intends to vitiate for them. Later that eve, she asks him to make love to her, that they are interrupted by Noahs friend Fin with the news that Allies parents lay down the police out looking for her. When Allie and Noah return to her parents mansion, they ban her from seeing Noah, whom they say is trash, trash, trash not for you The two break up, and the next morning, Allies mother announces that the family is returning home to Charleston.Noah writes a letter separately day to Allie for one year, unless her mother, Anne, intercepts them all and keeps them hidden from Allie for an unknown reason. As each sweetheart/lover sees there is no contact from the other, Noah and Allie have no choice simply to move on with their lives Noah and Fin enlist to fight in beingness Was II and Fin is killed in battle. Allie be sustain s a volunteer in a hospital for wounded soldiers, where she meets an officer named Lon Hammond, Jr. , a young attorney who is handsome, sophisticated, and charming, and comes from old Southern money.The two eventually become engaged, to the delight of Allies parents, but Allie characterizations Noahs face when Lon asks her to marry him. When Noah returns home from the war, he discovers his father has sold their home so that Noah can buy the abandoned house, fulfilling his life tenacious dream to buy it for Allie, whom by now he has not seen for several years. While see Charleston, Noah witnesses Allie and Lon playing cards at a restaurant he convinces himself that if he fixes up the house, Allie will come back to him. Later, Allie is startled to read in the newspaper that Noah has completed the house, and she visits him in Seabrook.In the present, it is made clear that the elderly woman is in fact Allie, who is suffering fromDementia and cannot bring forward both of the events of the film so far. Duke, the man who is reading to her is, in fact, her husband, Noah, but Allie cannot recognize him. His children on a visit to see them, tells him that he needs to accept that she cant remember anymore. Duke tells them that the more he reads to their mother, the more shell remember and he wont give up on her. Back in the 1940s, the day after Allie arrives in Seabrook, she and Noah re-create their strong romantic relationship and make love.In the morning, Anne appears on Noahs doorstep, relation back Allie that Lon has come to Seabrook to take her home. She takes her out for a drive and reveals that, twenty-five years earlier, she also loved a common man. Her parents disapproved of him and after banning her from seeing him again, she marital her father whom they approved of being from a rich family. Anne leaves Allie with a plenty of lettersall of Noahs letters, revealing that she had intercepted them as an attempt to protect her from get her heart broken and hopes that she will make the right choice.Allie and Noah have an air with each other and she leaves. While driving upset with him, she reads the last letter that he wrote her and feels betrayed by Anne for what she did in keeping the letters away from her. Allie returns to the hotel and confesses to Lon that she has been spending time with Noah. He is angry, but says that he still deeply loves her. Allie tells him she knows she should be with him, but she remains indecisive. In the present, Duke asks Allie whom she chose. Becoming lucid, she remembers that the story Duke was reading is the story of how they first met.After reading all of the letters, young Allie appears at Noahs doorstep, having left Lon at the hotel and chosen him. Elderly Allie suddenly remembers her past after finding out about her illness, she herself wrote their story in the notebook with instructions for Noah to read this to me, and Ill come back to you. But minutes later Allie relapses, losing her memories of Noah again. She panics, not understanding who he is, and has to be sedated. The elderly Noah has a heart attack, and Allie is alone for a time.However, as soon as he is sufficiently recovered, Noah (Duke) goes to Allies room one evening to find her lucid again. Allie questions Noah about what will happen to them when she will not be able to remember anything anymore, and he reassures her that he will never ever leave her. She asks him if he thinks their strong and mutual romantic love for each other is strong enough to take them away together he replies that he thinks their strong romance could do anything. After telling each other they love one another, Noah adds Ill be seeing you.The next morning, a nurse comes into Allies room, only to find Allie and Noah dead in each others arms. As the camera pans out, we see they died holding hands. comment The Notebook, a novel of Nicholas Sparks, his first published novel, and was based on reliable story. According to him, he was inspi red to write this novel by the grandparents of his wife who has been married for a keen-sighted time, and he tried to express that long romantic love in his novel. In the story, the socio economic status vie an measurable role in an man-to-man, as in the case of Anne Hamilton, on barring Noah to Allie and describing him as a trash.Much of her attitude is revealed when she believed and told Allie, that Status is more important than feelings and our future is dictated by what we are as opposed to what we sine qua non. This serve as antithetical statements regarding important themes in the story. Understandably she is an antagonist. In this case she acted to keep Noah away from Allie but also succeeded for 14 years. circle and destiny is also showed in the movie which also happens in the real world. The one scene in the movie effectively shows the image of long lost lovers reunited.Fate may lend a hand in Allie seeing the newspaper clipping, she chose to lie to Lon and seek out N oah. The movie also embraces the geographic expedition of love, the author also provides complications of the messiness that makes up real world love. The diversity of love depicted in the movie clearly shows that it is more than a word, it covers the actions that accompany with row. Elements of the Novel Character Analysis Noah is the main character (protagonist) ofThe Notebook. In many regards, Noah is the ideal man he is faithful, idealistic, strong, good looking, a poet, and cooperative to those in need.The Noah of the main narrative is almost too good to be true. He has a strong relationship with family and friends and is respectful to both genius and authority. He seemingly has no faults. Allie wants the best of both worlds as she represents the different types of love that exist. In essence she is the embodiment of a thematic topic. As Allie grows and matures, so does her understanding of love. Her growth symbolizes the development of real love. Lon s the stereotypical, self-obsessed individual who realizes too late that his self-absorption is going to cost him his fiancee.Lon is also the embodiment of the conflict inThe Notebook. As a character, he is the one readers know as the obstacle to Allies love. He is a dynamic character, but his change is a little too late. Anne is the antagonist. Although she works to keep Noah and Allie a dismantle, she cannot be considered a villain, for she is not evil. Anne represents the difficulties that many parents have when trying to steer their children to adulthood. Fourteen years later, she attempts to abye for earlier mistakes, first by preparing Allie for Lons impending visit, then by fling her support without being pushy.She also finally gives Noahs letters to Allie, and her final words may be encouraging Allie to follow her heart. Point of View instead of starting at the beginning and telling the story in chronological order, Nicholas Sparks beginsThe Notebooknear the end of what would be a linear mun iment and then employs both the framing technique and flashback to tell his tale. The main plot line is the reunion of Noah and Allie and the conflict that they face as they must decide the path their lives will now take.This particular event only lasts three geezerhood in 1946 however, important information that shapes their reunion occurred weeks and years earlier. If you imagine a picture in a frame, the reunion is the photograph. And the enterprisingness and closing chapters of the novel are set in the present, some 49 years later. The current storyline frames the reunion story. Although the frame represents the present and current storyline and the picture represents the reunion, within these two main storylines are other stories, some are episodes and others are vignettes, which are told in the form of a flashback.These stories, told within the background of the other storylines, fit within both the picture and the frame. And some of these small stories of earlier event s frame even smaller stories of other events. Each story is distinct within itself while simultaneously being an integral part of a greater whole every individual picture is a part of a bigger picture. This framework technique provides the structure of the plot, and flashback is the technique Sparks uses to tell the stories.Characters reveal these framed stories through their shared and private memories. much the reader shares a flashback with a character that is not shared with any other character. The narrator also provides information. The narrator ofThe Notebookin the opening and closing chapters is Noah. But the narrator of the middle chapters provides a limited, third-person omniscient record of view. This perspective sometimes allows the readers into the mind of a character typically Noah and Allie but sometimes does not such as Anne and Lon.This technique is important because it allows the storyline to flow seamlessly from past to present and back again. Stylistically, the narrative techniques work wellspring becauseThe Notebookis not just a love story the novel also explores the nature of fate and free will and the way people interact with one another. The intricacies of relationships parallel the intricacies of poetry and the framing technique enables Sparks to wind up the past together with the present, leading to the emotional climax and creating a obligate read along the way.

Diagram of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System Essay

Figure 2.0 Context plot of generic wine Academic cognitive operation Monitoring System The figure 2.0 represents the two (2) users of the Generic Academic procedure Monitoring System namely the administrator and the Professor. The Administrator entity shows the qualification to get to the system manage describe by modifying accounts visibleness managing parts account such as creating refreshing user pen and modify user profile importing student argument creation of fall guy criteria generating students grade report and update website contents. The Professor entity shows the capability on accessing the system managing account profile importing student mention defining grade template for grading computation and generating students grade.Figure 3.0 First founding take selective information commingle Diagram of Administrators Capabilities The figure 3.0 represents the First initiation aim selective information eat Diagram of the Administrator upon successfully logg ing-in into the Generic Academic consummation Monitoring System. He/she has the capabilities to manage modules such as handling members account, importing students arguing, creation of grade criteria, grade computation and updating website contentsFigure 3.1 Second Entry Level selective information Flow Diagram on Managing Account for Administrator The figure 3.1 shows the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator on managing members account wherein he/she has the capability to create accounts profile for new professor or associate. He/she in any case capable on updating existing member account.Figure 3.2 Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Import Student List, Create Criteria, rate and Website Modules for Administrator Figure 3.2 shows the continuation of the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator. Upon successfully accessing the system, he/she has the capability to import students list and create criteria template to be use for the studen ts grade computations. The Administrator also has the capibility to change or update website contents from leaf nodes discretion.Figure 4.0 First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram for Professors Capabilities In the Figure 4.0 shown above, it represents the First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of Professor in the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor also have the capabilities to update own account profile, import student lists and revert students grade summary.Figure 4.1 Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Managing Account, Import Student Lists and visualise Grade Modules for Professor Figure 4.1 shown above presents the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Professor upon successfully logging-in into the system. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor is also capable on modifying and updating account profile importing student list defining grade criteria template and get under ones skin grade summary of students.

Conceptions of Curriculum

When looking at the plan, there argon several(prenominal) institutions that be used in defining which flake of a platform volition be used in take aims the com puter programme universe basically affects the natural and precept techniques that entrust be used in domesticate. Depending on how a school or a country wants to educate its savants, a school lead occupy to base its broadcast top proper(postnominal) political platform visualizeing. One or more than concepts stop be exhibit when formulating the political platform. Basically the school plan plays an great role in find and shaping the educatees understanding of rearing and otherwise(a) fundamental issues.The class Print (1993), in his book discusses the way in which curriculum is understood in terms likings. To Print (1993) there argon phoebe bird main curriculum innovations, these includes pedantician rationalist conception Humanistic conception Cognitive progression conception Social Reconstructionist conception Different school and undertake to use one or more than one of the higher up outlined concepts in developing their curriculum. The choosing of the concepts will depend on the consequence that the school and the teaching professional want to keep up from students.Let us curtly examine each one of these conception is some details (Print 1993) The faculty member rationalist concept The concept puts a lot of emphasis on knowledge, values and skills that argon found in varied academic fields. Academic freethinking conception curriculum has a distinctive crystalise which is varied from other concepts. Many curriculum developers today, use this conception. The concept originates from seven cock-a-hoop arts that are in the classical curriculum. (Eisner, 1979)According to Eisner & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Vallance, (1974) academic rationalism, is among the oldest conceptions, the conception puts a lot of emphasis on the responsibility of the school t o alter the students to share the academic benefits of those who passed on before. The sharing is not limited to the concepts only, however it in any case includes any work that has resisted the test of time. for those man-to-mans that embrace the academic rationalism conception, being educated to them means being initiated to methods thought that are represent by the varied bailiwicks in the conception.There fore, the significant aim of understanding the academic rationalism is to pass the knowledge and aesthetics from one generation to another(prenominal) generation. This is attained through culture that is organized within academic disciplines that are recognized. (Eisner & Vallance, 1974) Humanistic conceptions This curriculum conception offers opportunities in which to improve an individuals self- concept and to attain self- actualization, this is according to Print 1993. This is the most rough-cut in main of the supporting material that is contained in the curriculu m documents.Humanism curriculum conception is a perspective which is founded on the assumption that individuals induct an drop of developing all their abilities that maintaining them. In general homosexualitarianism conception, tries to facilitate releasing of present capacity and potential in a student. In secular humanism the understanding is that if some beliefs and specific conditions are already present in an individual, this individual or students will gradually let their self actualizing force to override barriers that they turn in created international.Roger 1961 points out that the tree main aspects in humanism are Genuineness, unconditional positive aspect and emphatic understanding. Cognitive processes conception This conception provides students with opportunity and skill or methods to assist them claim how to learn and similarly to give students a possibility to employ and improve the different faculties that they have (Print, 1993) Social theory This curricu lum conception takes a faultfinding look on the social aspect of teaching.One of the main values of the conception is the obligation in penetrating the world of objective knowledge so that one can expose the social relationships which are underlying that are in many cases hidden . social conception believes that knowledge ingest to applied for emancipatory political objectives. The main objective of the social conception is to evacuate the impacts of ideology in that individual perceptions are free from emancipation, the individual are able to visualize beyond and know the reality. (Kemmis, et al 1994) My personal designing technology conceptionPersonally I will take applied science concept, DeVore (1968) defines engine room conception as an organization of knowledge and the use of resources in producing outcomes that respond to the human requirements and wants. Thus, this definition characterizes engineering science as a body of knowledge in the past this body f knowledge was being viewed as knowledge of practice. The conception goes on to explain that, the knowledge is used to gives methods of doing activities and show what is unfeignedly valued through action. Technology is being viewed as a discipline in it self.The view that technology is discipline is justified by DeVore (1968) monograph that outlines technology as a discipline. DeVore (1968) articulates the points that points out that technology as an intellectual discipline which is organized body of knowledge that has got structure that unites the different parts of the technology structure. Technology have also stood the test of time thus induction that it is durable. Technology is cumulative naturally, and also technology relates to the future and provides inspiration and stimulation for other ideas and goalsBruner (1960) describes technology curriculum conception as a curriculum which is determined by underlying principles of understanding learning purposes. To Bruner (1960) the basic eruditeness purpose is economy. The conception views such learning process as permitting abstraction thus making knowledge to be used in other contexts apart from the one that the knowledge was gotten from. It also builds the memory in allowing the student to relate what he/she would have forgotten. Thus, this education conception is fundamental and has to be implemented in schools curricula.(Bruner, 1960) Shaping of education computer program organic evolution program development is formulated for all schools and for various classes in manner that it can be taught and develop the students learning procedures. Depending on the curriculum conception/s that is being used it will shape the way the curriculum is real. Curriculum development goes a long way to defining the way the education clay of a school or a country will be. Curriculum development contains all the subjects to be taught and how they will be taught in the education program. Designing of a curriculumCurriculu m conception plays classical role in shaping and defining the education musical arrangement of a country. Much of the reforms in the education sector occur due to embracing various curriculum concepts. For instance, recommendations by the Holmes Group for teach reforms on preparations which are discipline found were based on curriculum conceptions. (Kemmis, et al1994) some of the recommendation by the groups was also to having education program for technology teachers, as technology was endorsed as a discipline in the education curriculum. That it was easy to redesign the curriculum in relations to the proposal by the Holmes group.In the same line, where school took technology has a discipline and bodied technology in its curriculum, the discipline has gained respect and in the academic program. (Kemmis, et al 1994) A good example of how technology has determine education formation in schools is in the Maryland tell apart division of pedagogy, where high school graduation r equirement have been changed. Previously, the education standards in the state required that a one semester course be offered for the functional arts that could be achieved by a course in technology education or any other course in vocational education, home economic or computer education.The new standards that have been proposed decline the practical arts subjects requirements, but, the state department of education has put a new requisite in technology education. The requirements require that a student should take one year in learning technology education in the school before he/she graduates. Therefore technology education has to be elevated top be a main subject. This passing changes the policies and perceptions in the education system and helps to shape education system to be producing a system which embraces technology. (Maryland State Department of Education 1991)Education system is also shaped by new disciplines that are being brought forward by the curriculum conceptions . Education is dynamic and in bon ton to remain pertinent to the requirements of the masses and to solve the daily challenges in the education system it has to book on evolving to cope up with the new challenges. In the same context newer disciplines in education curriculum have become much more appropriate than the old ones. For example, psychology has become more relevant to the education sector as it gives a good understanding of human nature.Thus, these conceptions have a direct impact in education systems as they are used in formulating the curriculum being taught in schools which determine the system of education that will be used. (Kemmis, et al 1994) Assessment In order to monitor the progress of students it is important that proper perspicacitys methods has to be formulated and put in place, for the teachers to know the progress of their students in various discipline. Depending on the type of the curriculum conception that is being used in a especial(a) curriculum in school it will determine the kind of assessment methods that will be used in the schools.Assessment methods are in important in ensuring that the learners are getting what is taught. (Kemmis, et al 1994) Global versus local issues that whitethorn impact developing curriculum Globalization plays important role in shaping the education system in the current education institutions. Today, globular issues impact students strongly than never before. With the advent of television and internet opportunities to get information from other parts of the world has increased. The significant of education in assisting students in knowing their roles and responsibilities in the orbicular society has increased.Thus, in formulating the school curriculum it is important that the curriculum should incorporate globular issues. Some of the important global aspects that affects curriculum are human rights, interdependence, conflict resolution, values and perceptions, miscellany sustainable developmen t and social justice. Local issues like, culture, politics and education system will also affect the curriculum certain. (Eisner, & Vallance, 1974) Outlined below is a discussion on how teaching of different subjects can incorporate global dimension in a manner that can learn that progression by the significant stages of educationDeveloping English curriculum In developing the English curriculum, both fiction and non-fiction books from different countries in the world has to taught in schools so that students can learn different cultures in the world and get an opportunity to enhance their understanding of the world issues and them selves. (Eisner, & Vallance, 1974) Developing Technology education curriculum The curriculum will have to incorporate the current global technology trend and give students opportunities to design different products and analyze how these products work.This will give them also a chance to learn the various needs of people in various cultures and co untries. At the same time the students will get an opportunity of knowing how technology can be applied in order to improve and at the same time develop the global society. (Eisner, & Vallance, 1974) Developing taradiddle curriculum In formulating history curriculum in relation to global issues, the students can be given an opportunity to learn about the cultural, religious, cultural and social diversities in the global societies. And related the information they have leant to the different societies and their own.In doing so, they can then link occurrences in different countries and make a comparison with the lives of those people currently and in the pas. This will highly developed their understanding of those countries and give them an insight on global issues. (Eisner, & Vallance, 1974) strategical and operations After developing the curriculum it is important to have a clear strategy of how it is passage to be implemented and in schools and how it is going to be affec ted in the learning process. The curriculum developers have to have clear administrative strategy that will be used in administering the new curriculum in schools.A proper structure should be provided that reflects how schools will practice and carry out the curriculum. The strategy or planning is important for educators and the practitioners in the education system. Strategies sets will ensure that the objectives of the curriculum are achieved. (DeVore, 1968) right(a) analysis offers the educators with tools for planning and carrying out operations of the curriculum. Where necessary they can airt the curriculum operation. In addition, operations will involve the way the curriculum will be implemented.This involves the teachers of schools and administrators who have to carry out the operations of teaching. The curriculum will only be effectively in operation if the teaching staffs are well prepared and informed about the curriculum. Other immaterial they may be a hitch in operatio n of the curriculum. (DeVore, 1968) final stage Curriculum remains an important tool in the education system of a country. A curriculum of a school defines the teaching material of a school. In developing the curriculum different curriculum conceptions are used in determining the type of a curriculum that will be used in schools.Curriculum conception affects curriculum development, assessments methods and curriculum alignments among other issues of the curriculum. Currently global issues also play important role in determining the kind of education curriculum that will be developed in school. In order to give students a more global approach it has become necessary that global issues have to be incorporated in the education system. However, strategic planning and operations have to be well formulated to effectively implement curriculum in schools. indite Bruner, J. S. (1960) The process of education.Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Commission on Technology Education for the State of New Jersey (1987) Technology Education Learning how to live in a technical world. Aberdeen, NJ Vocational Education Resource Centre. DeVore, P. D. (1968) grammatical construction and content foundations for curriculum development. Washington, DC American industrial Arts Association. DeVore, P. D. (1964) Technology An intellectual discipline Bulletin Number 5. Washington, DC American Industrial Arts Association. Eisner, E W. (1979) The three curricular that all schools teach The educational imagination.New York Macmillan, Eisner, E. W. & Vallance, E. (1974) Conflicting conceptions of curriculum. Berkeley, CA McCutch Publishing. Eriksson, T. L. (1988) The teacher education reform front Tenets of the Holmes group. Journal of Epsilon Pi Tao, 24 Maryland State Department of Education (1991) Requirements for graduation from high school in Maryland. Baltimore, MD. Kemmis, S. , C et al (1994) reasonableness Teaching Curriculum and the social context of schooling. Print, M (19 93) Curriculum development and design Chapter 2. St Lenards, Australia. Unwin & Allen

Gilgamesh, Persepolis and Hamlet: Exam Paper Essay

The following argon the pot from which the three (3) questions on your midterm Exam will be culled. As explained in the syllabus you argon required to keep exam journals for the Gilgamesh, Persepolis and crossroads readings, base on the separate questions listed on Blackboard for indivithreefoldly text. You may use your Exam Journals together with your completed Freud Vocabulary when you take the Midterm Exam 1. Both Ophelia and Marjane experience bouts of deep depression.In what ways are the conditions that contribute to their respective depressions similar and how do they differ? What, other than the end in their temperaments, might account for apiece responded to her sorrows? What events led to separately new-fangled womans depression?What were the elements that helped Marjane recover that werent available to Ophelia?2. analyze and contrast the friendship between settlement and Horatio to that of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. How did they meet and become friends? What roles do Enkidu & group A Horatio play in helping Gil & Ham fall upon their goals? How do Enk & Hor help their friends perceive the supernatural? Who mourns and eulogizes whom in Gil & in Hamlet?What might indicate that separately relationship could wear been homoerotic?3. In what way might Freuds concept of mental resistance explain Gilgameshs response to Enkidus death? Hamlets response to the death of his father, King Hamlet? Use the technical Freudian terms for the psychological resistances and why you cerebrate they apply to each4. Which Freudian concepts might help explain the underlying psychological reasons why the reigning mullahs instituted such harsh restrictions on the status and behavior of women in Iran? Use the technical Freudian terms for the psychological resistances and why you think they apply5. Both Marjane and Hamlet sense that there is something funky with the memorial tablet and policies of their native countries. What are the similarities and differ ences between how they respond to those wrongs? What did Hamlet feel was rotten in Denmark? Marjane in Iran first under the Shah then under the Ayatollahs? How did each try to avoid dealing with those conditions?How did each try to accommodate their behaviors to those conditions? What actions did each take to try and correct the wrongs they perceived?6. Describe the advantages and challenges that Gilgamesh, Marjane and Hamlet each experienced as a result of living the dynamics of a Dual Identity? What ways might their experiences been similar and how did they differ What conditions covey each to assume a dual identity?What were the natures of their respective dual identities?What did their respective dual identities allow them to do and what toll did it place on them? 7. Freud observed that ancient mythology ascribes to oracles and the gods effects that he claims are manifestations of the unconscious(p) (eg. Parapraxes and Dreams).Citing examples based on your reading of Hamle t and Gilgamesh do you agree or take issue with his claim? expertness specific instances of dreams and parapraxes re stupefy manifestations of Gils unconscious? Might the Ghost and his reaction to Yoriks skull represent manifestations of Hamlets unconscious?8. In Gilgamesh end up plays a civilizing function. Freud claims that our sexual urges constantly threaten civilization. What are the pros and cons of each position and stooge they be reconciled? After Shamhat has sex with Enkidu the animals reject him. In what ways does heterosexual coupling lead to great civilization? In what ways does Freud indicate that our aggressive, sexual urges (Id) can remove civilization? Are these 2 views mutually exclusive or can they be reconciled?9. Freud claims that the OedipalElectra dynamic plays a significant role in human development. How might understanding this dynamic help us give Hamlets actions? Ophelias actions? How might Hamlets at variance(p) issues with Gertrude, King Hamlet an d Claudius explain his actions? How might Ophelias lack of a mother figure and relation to Polonius explain hers?10. Based on the typology of Joseph Campbell, Lynne Milurn describes a typology of the Heros Journey. A. Apply her stages to the journey of i. Gilgamesh & Enkidus from the rimes beginning thru their journey to the Cedar Forest ii. Gilgameshs anticipate for immortalityiii. HamletB. In what ways do the aspects of Marjanes journeys correspond and how do they deviate from Milums typology? Indicate those elements and characters of the Heros Journey present in Persepolis In what ways might they not follow the overture of stages that Milum details C. Can these same stages might be applied to the psycho-analytic (From the while one realizes the need to go to a therapist til one is cured) and or psycho-sexual developmental journey (from birth to adulthood) as described by Freud?

An Ecological Theory Applied to Aging Essay

Ecological theories of benevolent development consider the complex interactions between humans and their changing amicable and physical environments. Every member of society experiences these interactions in a contrastive manner, depending on factors such as the amount of resources available to them or the interconnectedness of their back off organisation at birth. As people age and as the macrosystem itself changes in response to events, people within the system shift to sop up different positions in society. Peoples psychological reactions to their evolving statuses reflect the windup of a lifetimes worth of experiences. At individu each(prenominal)y conjugation within peoples lives, their statuses argon subject to norms and rules belonging to society. mum from the vantage of Bronfenbrenners ecolological systems approach, initial transactions in a psyches life are the result of direct interrelationships between the infant and members of the microsystem (church, family, peers, school, neighborhood, play area, and health services). Microsystems, in turn, are shaped by a host of higher-up systems, which are also acting on each other at the same time. When the children in Bronfenbrenners model be on into adulthood, they are likely to occupy new roles within the macrosystem. These acquired roles may be transient because familial roles, career placement, financial status and other factors may vary throughout peoples lifetimes. Age, however, is mavin factor that invariably reachs peoples lives, and society to a large part determines the conclusion of that resolution.Deep-rooted in the mentality of members of a system are dogmas slightly which members are suited to which roles. If a society assigns a value to the companionship gained through a lifetime of experience, then people in of lately adulthood and beyond will perceive themselves as vital. Alternatively, if a society chooses not to recognize that elders bring on an important contrib ution to make in society, then the elders of that society may internalize those beliefs and feel valueless.In the united States, common stereotypes of the immemorial are that they are poorly able to ascertain the physical and mental demands of performing routine tasks. However, as medical attainment improves, people are living into their hundreds and remaining active. In addition, various forms of martial(a) arts are practiced to enhance balance, coordination, and flexibility, and cardiovascular exercise strengthens the heart, body, and elevates pettishness levels. Because of a heightened awareness of the positive effects of keeping a vigorous diet and exercising regularly, in some cases, people stub hold to function physically and mentally at high levels. An ecological supposition of human development would recognize recent changes, such as increase longevity and improved functionality, as the catalyst for the development of new late adulthood roles and altered defin itions of late adulthood.Cognitive development throughout the lifespan, or fluid intelligence, is valued above accumulated stores of intelligence, or crystallize intelligence, in some ecological systems. In a system that seeks representations of applying the wiseness of age, mentors and apprentices benefit from the transference of knowledge and perspective. In agri farming- ground communities, where apprenticeships are integral to the continuity of life, members view hastiness and advancey decision-making as immature qualities whereas, forethought and the tycoon to absorb the totality of a situation are the attributes of old age. In certain Black African societies, elders in the community are regarded as founts of knowledge. In traditionalistic Latin societies, it is believed that of age(p) members of society possess inner-strength and can pass that quality along to littleer generations. Individuals in these societies depend on their elderly and base many of their personal, social, and job- tie in decisions on the utterances of elders in the community.In technology-based societies, crystallized intelligence is undervalued because adaptation is seen as more important to the sustenance of frugal development. Those who fall behind in terms of technological instrumentality and rapid response rate are perceived as slow sooner of as thoughtful. Furthermore, the uniform sentence order and grammar of English reliefricts the range of spirit available to many elderly people. In a macrosystem in which speed and the delivery are prized more than the content of the message, senior citizens and their contributions are marginalized. The effect is that societys message to seniors that they are slow and ineffectual becomes an internalized belief of everyone in society.In many other cultures, such as Arab ones, the intervention of aged people in society seems to be the reverse of how older people are treated in the U.S. In these countries, the religion and c ulture serve as the rational basis for assigning seniors authority in deciding on household matters. It is expected in traditional societies that the young provide care for and honor their aging family members. In societies with Confucian based ideologies, such as Korea, the hierarchy of respect is based on age, with the firstborn members of society receiving the most esteem. The exosystem in these societies is tipped in the direction of considering the sizeableness of elders and their influence. All microsystems, mesosystems, and individuals tap into this human resource because the macrosystems endorse the idea that the elderly in society are indispensable.Microsystems in many countries are productive at integrating the services that seniors provide into the caregiving mental synthesis. In many Asiatic and African societies, grandparents live in the same house as parents and children. Whereas the normally held belief in the U.S. is that grandparents excessive indulging of their grandchildren may negatively affect childrens personalities and achievement in school, it has been found that in China educate grandparents have a positive effect on their grandchildrens academician performance. In the U.S., grandparents may play an important role in parenting children in single-parent headed homes. Additionally, parents look forward to becoming grandparents, and a study conducted by Brubaker showed that 80% of grandparents were happy with their grandparenting roles. Just as these eager parents delight in assume new roles as grandparents in life, so are there many things to look forward to as one approaches late adulthood. Depending on the macrosystem one is part of aging can be perceived as a positive or negative prospect.The extent to which a macrosystem views the importance and compulsion of caring for aged ones can dictate the quality of life for seniors, especially for those who are afflicted by poor physical health or forms dementia brought on and exacerb ated by old age. In the US, middle-aged adults take on themselves sandwiched between caring for their children and their parents. The financial and emotional burden put on these middle-aged adults further begs a solution to the need for a get out system of caring for the elderly. The issues seem especially pressing in industrialize nations, where traditional ideas about caring for older family members are either nonexistent or eroding.In China, a nation in the midst of industrialization, as rural-to-urban shift increases, parents and grandparents are being left behind. In Latin cultures, filial bonds and intergenerational teaching are perpetuated by a macrosystem that espouses religious belief and traditional norms. In countries trying to balance industrialization and tradition, managing care for aging populations presents a problem, especially in countries such as Italy and Japan, where the declining birthrate presents a challenge for this generation of youthsAn individuals microsystem system shapes the pattern of interactions to follow for the rest of that persons life, Shifts in familial status, shifts in occupational status, issues related specifically to aging, external events, and the set of values and beliefs embodied by the macrosystem all contribute to the quality of peoples perceived well being. cured citizens well-being is often related to the quality of their interactions within their microsystems. Depending on the structure of the macrosystem and sometimes on the individuals accessibility to resources, social support systems may consist of children and grandchildren of the individual, other elderly members of the community, or community members of all ages who seek the guidance of elders.Ecological systems theories provide a framework for identifying the elements of the system and within the individual that account for reasons why individuals behave and think the way they do. Shortcomings in the systems, such as with the treatment of elde rs, are apparent when macrosystems are compared side by side. This societys values and beliefs will have to accommodate more positive associations with old age before the legal age of elders can enjoy meaningful, productive, and satisfying lives.

How Accurate Is Eyewitness Testimony Essay

The bedrock of the Ameri shadow judicial rational cognitive process is the satin flower of visualizees in running. Eye regard testimony can make a mystical impression on a jury, which is of x exclusively assigned the part of sorting out credibility issues and making judgments intimately the truth of smasher statements. In the U. S. , there is the possibility of over 5,000 illicit convictions each category because of mistaken witness denominations. The continuous flow of media stories that tell of impoverished pile being incarcerated should serve as a signal to us that the homo recognition process is rife with a large number of break risks.These risks w ar been largely supported by research. Unfortunately, a jury r atomic number 18ly hears of the risks therefore, eyewitness testimony remains a much-used and much-trusted process by those who ar uninformed many whiles, truthfully uninformed. In cases in which eyewitness testimony is used, to a greater extent o ften than non, an expert depart not be allowed to learn up to the faults of eyewitness designation. Thus, the uninformed stay blissfully ignorant of the inherent risks snar conduct in eyewitness identification testimony.Too often, these blissfully ignorant the great unwashed make up a jury of our peers. (McAtlin, 1999). According to McAtlin, there are terzetto parts of an eyewitness testimony (1) Witnessing a crime as a victim or a bystander involves watching the case plot of land it is happening. (2) The witness must memorize the details of the occurrence. (3) The witness must be able to accurately recall and communicate what he or she saw. Studies of im puritanical conviction cases assume concluded that erroneous eyewitness identifications are by far the leading cause of convicting the impoverished.Several studies have been conducted on piece holding and on subjects propensity to remember erroneously events and details that did not occur. When human beings try to a cquire, retain and retrieve information with any clarity, vatical influences and common human failures profoundly limit them. The law can gravel slightly of these human limitations others are unavoidable. The unavoidable ones can make eyewitness testimony devastating in the judicatoryroom and can lead to wrongful convictions.Unfortunately, memories are not indelibly stamped onto a brain video cassette tape. An event stored in the human remembrance undergoes constant change. Some details whitethorn be altered when new or different information round the event is added to the existing memory. Some details are simply forget and normal memory loss occurs continually. Even so, witnesses often become more confident in the correctness of their memories over time. The original memory has exhausted and has been replaced with new information. This new information has replaced the original memory because the natural process of memory deterioration has persisted.Furthermore, single eye witnesses vary widely in infallibility and reasoning. . (McAtlin, 1999). Studies of wrongful conviction cases have concluded that erroneous eyewitness identifications are by far the leading cause of convicting the innocent. For example, the Innocence Project of Cardozo School of constabulary force reports that of the first 130 exonerations, 101 (or 77. 8 percent) bear on mistaken identifications. still exactly how often eyewitnesses make tragic mistakes that lead to the punishment of innocent soulfulnesss is unknown and probably unknowable.One of the infamous cases where mistaken identity led to the wrongful conviction and execution was Gary Graham. Grahams case genuine widespread attention, in part because of substantial attest indicating that he was innocent of the murder charge, and the indisputable fact that his court-appointed trial lawyer failed to mount a serious legal defense. Graham was convicted of killing grocery store shop clerk Bobby Lambert on May 13, 1981 duri ng a robbery attempt. Graham was 17 years old at the time. There was no physical tell apart linking him to the crime and exclusively one eyewitness who identified him as the murderer.Eyewitnesses who told police investigators Graham was not the killer were never called to testify at trial by Grahams lawyer. Constitutional Protections In Neil v. Biggers, the U. S. Supreme appeal established criteria that jurors may use to label the reliability of eyewitness identifications. The Biggers dally enumerated several factors to determine if a suggestive identification is reliable (1) the witnesss opportunity to view the suspect (2) the witnesss degree of attention (3) the accuracy of description (4) the witnesss level of evidence and (5) the time between incident and confrontation, i. . , identification. Courts today pass off to allow into evidence suggestive identification testimony. Currently, courts consider the admissibility of identification testimony under a Fourteenth Amendm ent procedural imputable process analysis. If a court determines that a pretrial identification was unnecessarily suggestive, it then ascertains whether the suggestive procedure gave turf out to a substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. A court willing find a substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification only if the identification is found to be unreliable.Therefore, even if the court concludes that a police identification procedure was suggestive, it may be admissible if the court finds that the identification is provided likely to be accurate. A court will balance the suggestiveness of the identification procedure against the likelihood that the identification is correct, resulting in an unprincipled rule of law that turns on the courts subjective discernment of the defendants guilt. Issues That Impact an Individuals Testimony A specific look at how memory functions and how suggestion operates llustrates why participation in unregulated lineups creat es unreasonable risks of misidentification. acknowledgment procedures differ from other police investigatory procedures in that they solely cuss on human memory. Human memory consists of three basic clays (1) encoding, (2) storage, and (3) retrieval. encryption is the initial processing of an event that results in a memory. Storage is the property of the encoded information. Retrieval is the recovery of the stored information. Errors can occur at each step. blow to common understanding of memory, not everything that registers in the central nervous system is permanently stored in the mind and ill-tempered details become progressively inaccessible over time. According to Loftus and Ketchum, Truth and reality, when seen through the filters of our memories, are not objective facts save subjective, interpretive realities. Because these processes are unconscious, individuals generally perceive their memories as completely accurate and their reporting of what they remember as entir ely truthful, no matter how distorted or inaccurate they, in fact, may be.An individuals memories become distorted even in the absence of foreign suggestion or internal individual(prenominal) distress. Naturally, people tailor their weighty of events to the listener and the context. (Loftus & Ketchum 1991). Many conditions much(prenominal) as fear, lighting, distance from the event, surprise, and personal biases all affect memory and recall. Human memory is indeed delicate, particularly regarding victims and witnesses of crimes. Fear and traumatic events may impair the initial acquisition of the memory itself.At the time of an identification, the witness is often in a upturned emotional state. Many victims and witnesses experience substantial shock because of their traumatic experiences that continue to affect them at the time of identification procedures. In a particular case in court, the psychologist can determine the reliability of the evidence of a particular witness a nd enable the judge and the jury to put the proper value on such(prenominal) witnesss testimony. For example, a witness may swear to a certain point involving the estimation of time and distance.The psychologist can measure the witnesss accuracy in such estimates, often showing that what the witness claims to be able to do is an impossibility. A case may hinge on whether an interval of time was ten minutes or twelve minutes, or whether a distance was three hundred or four hundred feet. A witness may swear positively to one or both of these points. The psychologist can show the court the limitations of the witness in making such estimates. Overview of Psychology and practice of lawThe service of psychology to law can be very great, provided owing to the necessary conservatism of the courts, it will be a abundant time before they will make much use of psychological knowledge. Perhaps the greatest service will be in determine the credibility of evidence. Psychology can now give the general principles in this matter. Witnesses go on the stand and swear to all sorts of things as to what they perceive and saw and did, often months and even years previously. The expert clinical psychologist can tell the court the probability of such evidence being true.Experiments have shown that there is a large percentage of error in such evidence. The additional value that comes from the oath has been measured. The oath increases the liability of truth only a small percentage. Psychologists nearlytimes provide expert testimony in the form of general testimony where theory and research is described and apply to a problem before the court. The expert would not provide opinions about any party involved in the case before the court, but major power give opinions about substantive research that is relevant to the issues. procedure of Psychology Professional in Forensic MattersClinical-forensic psychologists are employed in a variety of settings including state forensic hospital s, court clinics, mental wellness centers, jails, prisons, and juvenile treatment centers. Clinical-forensic psychologists are perhaps best known for their assessment of persons involved with the legal system. Because of their knowledge of human behavior, abnormal psychology, and psychological assessment, psychologists are sometimes asked by the courts to pass judgment a person and provide the court with an expert opinion, any in the form of a report or testimony.For example, clinical-forensic psychologists frequently evaluate adult criminal defendants or children involved in the juvenile justice system, offering the court information that might be relevant to determining (1) whether the defendant has a mental disorder that prevents him or her from going to trial, (2) what the defendants mental state may have been like at the time of the criminal offense, or (3) what treatment might be indicated for a particular defendant who has been convicted of a crime or juvenile offense.Incre asingly, clinical-forensic psychologists are being called upon to evaluate defendants who have gone to trial and who have been found guilty and for whom one of the sentencing options is the death penalty. In this case, psychologists are asked to evaluate the mitigating circumstances of the case and to testify about these as they concern to the particular defendant. Clinical-forensic psychologists overly evaluate persons in civil (i. e. , non-criminal) cases.These psychologists may evaluate persons who are undergoing guardianship proceedings, to assist the court in determining whether the person has a mental disorder that affects his or her ability to make eventful life decisions (e. g. , managing money, making health care decisions, making legal decisions). Clinical-forensic psychologists alike evaluate persons who are plaintiffs in lawsuits, who allege that they were emotionally harmed as a result of someones wrongdoing or negligence.Clinical-forensic psychologists may evaluate children and their parents in cases of divorce, when parents cannot agree about the custody of their children and what is best for them. Clinical-forensic psychologists are sometimes called on to evaluate children to determine whether they have been abused or neglect and the effects of such abuse or neglect, and offer the court recommendations regarding the stance of such children. In addition to forensic assessment, clinical-forensic psychologists are also involved in treating persons who are involved with the legal system in some capacity.Jails, prisons, and juvenile facilities employ clinical psychologists to assess and treat adults and juveniles who are either awaiting trial, or who have been adjudicated and are serving a sentence of some type. Treatment in these settings is focused both on mental disorders and providing these persons with skills and behaviors that will decrease the likelihood that they will re-offend in the future. Clinical-forensic psychologists employed in mental health centers or in private practice may also treat persons involved in the legal system, providing either general or specialized treatment (e. g. treatment of sex offenders, treatment of violent or abusive persons, and treatment of abuse victims).Conclusion Studies confirm that unregulated eyewitness testimony is often hopelessly unreliable. Misidentifications are the greatest single address of wrongful convictions in the United States. Yet courts current collect process analyses are unsuccessful in ensuring fair procedures and preventing wrongful convictions. A due process analysis alone is inadequate, in part because a due process analysis is essentially a fairness inquiry, and courts regard it as unfair to exclude a correct, yet suggestive identification, from evidence.

Disabilities: Autism and Students Kimberly

in that location ar many disabilities that students subscribe to that may impact their lives and education. These disabilities satiate on intellectual disabilities, autism, arch disabilities and multiple disabilities. Although the exact understandings of some of these disabilities be un cognise, others have been identified. This paper will discuss what these disabilities are, their bewilders, their impact on students education, and computer programme areas necessary for these students. Definitions and Causes Intellectual stultification (ID) used to be known as mental retardation.The stipulationinology changed in 2010 when President Obama signed into law, genus Rosas Law (intellectual, 2011). Intellectual disability is delimit according to humor as signifi fundamenttly sub aver season general intellectual function existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental expiration (before age 18), that affects a childs educationa l performance (intellectual, 2011). The about common parkways of intellectual disabilities are problems during development (chromosomal abnormalities, maternal illness and transmittances such(prenominal) as rubella and syphilis or drug and alcohol abuse).Genetic conditions can in any case cause intellectual disabilities because of abnormal genes that are inherited by parents, errors when genes combine or other reasons (intellectual, 2011). Some examples of genetic conditions are strike down syndrome, fragile X syndrome and phenylketonuria (PKU) (intellectual, 2011). Problems at birth for instance a lack of oxygen during development, labor or birth can cause intellectual disabilities, but as diseases like whopping cough, measles or meningitis can (intellectual, 2011).There are also health issues like malnutrition, inadequate checkup care or exposure to lead and mercury that can cause this disability (Intellectual, 2011). Autism used to be subtyped by one of four unlike disorde rs autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise under gather in (PDD-NOS) and Asperger (What is, n. d. ). In May of 2013 the new DSM-5, merged all autism disorders into one umbrella diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (What is, n.d. ).Autism is defined as developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally homely by age three that adversely affects a childs educational performance (What is, n. d. ). Other characteristics often associated with autism spectrum disorder are harming in repetitive activities, stereotyped movements, and resistance to environmental changes or changes in routine and unusual responses to sensory experiences (What is n. d. ).Autism has no one known cause and since it is a complex disorder with varying severity and symptoms, both genetic science and environmental factors may p worldly a part (Causes, n. d. ). Gene changes or mut ations by themselves may be responsible for a small round of cases, but most cases seem to be caused by a crew of both gene problems and environmental factors (Causes, n. d. ). These factors include advanced parental age (both mother and father), maternal illness during pregnancy, environmental toxins and difficulties during birth (Causes, n.d. ).No reliable hear has shown a link between autism spectrum disorder and the MMR vaccine (Causes, n. d. ). Severe disability is any disability that very significantly interferes physically, mentally, or emotionally with a students educational performance (McCabe, 2013). Multiple disabilities as defined by IDEA are simultaneous impairments which causes such intemperate educational inescapably that they cannot be accommodated in a exceptional education platform solely for one of the impairments (IDEAs, 2013).Examples are but not limited to ID and blindness or ID and a physical impairment. The causes of severe and multiple disabilities a re essentially the same as the causes listed for the other disabilities covered in this paper infection or diseases during pregnancy, drug and alcohol abuse during pregnancy, genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, execrable brain development, problems during birth, environmental toxins, and diseases such as whopping cough or meningitis (Multiple, 2013).The impact of having an intellectual disability on education varies among these students as do their abilities vary. They may take longer to reach typical milestones like walking, talking (some may not become verbal), and taking care of personal needs like dressing or eating independently, and it may also take longer learn in school (Multiple, 2013). In the past it was imagination that students with severe disabilities could not learn and were put in programs that only provided elemental care and safety (Downing & MacFarland, 2010).Research has shown that individuals with severe disabilities can learn given(p) the oppor tunity to learn, through direct instruction and watching students without disabilities (Downing & MacFarland, 2010). There is a need for highly trained teachers to instruct students with severe disabilities. Studies apprise that these students learn best in general education classrooms and placement should be based on chronological age when appropriate (Downing & MacFarland, 2010).Students with severe disabilities not only need to learn to eat independently, dress themselves, take care of their bathroom needs (as much as possible) and other self-help tasks, they also need to increase communication, social and safety skills, they need to have retrieve to the core curriculum to acquire academic skills in reading, writing and math (Downing & Mac- Farland, 2010). Later like in high school, students with disabilities need inflection services to teach them life skills and skills that can be used for traffic (Downing & MacFarland, 2010).The local school district states tha t they come with the policies and regulations of the Virginia Dept. Of Education (VDOE) which states that they follow the policies and regulations of the federal mandates like IDEA and NCLB. Local school districts are requisite to educate and supply services to severely disabled students in the to the lowest degree restrictive setting with non-disabled students where appropriate to the maximum extent possible (VA ordinance 34. CFR 300. 119) (Special, n. d. ).The VDOE mandates that all local school districts develop an IEP for all students with disabilities who need special education services (IEP, n. d. ). Some of what the IEP should contain to ensure that necessary curriculum areas are addressed are measureable annual goals, benchmarks or short term objectives both in academic areas and functional performance, special education link up services, supplementary aids and services including transition services (IEP, n. d. ).Although the VDOE website does not lay out a specific cur riculum plan just for students with severe disabilities, it does state that students with disabilities are to have access to the core curriculum just like non-disabled students (IEP, n. d. ). The face of the typical classroom is changing. Since the signing of NCLB, students with severe disabilities are to be educated with non-disabled where appropriate. Educators need to inform themselves as to what severe disabilities are and their causes. Knowing this information will help teachers better serve their students with disabilities.

Marketing Strategy of Groupon: Case Study

Marketing Case Study just about Groupon. com Groupon Finding forcefulness in Numbers Case Study 14. 1 talks about the new internet voucher sensation Groupon. Groupon was recently disc everyplaceed in Chicago to gain exposure to new ancestryes through discounted membership deals and has been on the rise ever since. This particular case study attempts to elaborate on the success of Groupon and how it working. The e-coupon was designed to help business owners appeal to new prospective consumers by advertising group discounts on products and services. So far, the website advertises business in 45 major U.S Cities and has all over 2 million subscribers. There atomic number 18 a range of businesses that argon advertised on the website. You can image discounts on spa packages, concert tickets, dinner and dessert specials, and more. The way it works is, the business owner makes a deal with the website by offering a discount on a product or service and tells how much(prenominal) they are willing to accept for it and the amount theyre willing to name away. Then, Groupon advertises the offer for a limited time and receives a finders fee once consumers purchase the deals.The business has full control over the minimum and maximum number of deals theyre willing to offer. If the deal doesnt appeal to consumers then there is no financial loss to the business owner. The intention of the business owner is not to gain a masses of profit from the deals made rather the intent is to drive traffic to the business once the deal is over. Moreover, the benefit of Groupon to the producer comes after the deal is over and the benefit of Groupon for the consumer comes while the deal is still going on.Questions for Critical mentation 1. Coupons are a tried-and-true promotion method, and the Internet includes former(a) couponing sites. How does Groupon differentiate itself? Groupon differs from other couponing sites in the sense of the approach taken to advertise the businesses fe atured on its site. The creators of this e-coupon site have taken into consideration that people are enjoying many products and services in a group setting. Events such as concerts, plays, and dinners usually arent partaken in alone Its very honest to the onsumer to find and purchase discounts for these products for not only themselves, but for friends and family as well. umpteen other coupon sites only allow access to one coupon per person, but Groupon makes it easy and convenient for one person to obtain ninefold coupons for multiple people. 2. Groupons business strategy harnesses what it calls collective purchasing power. What facets of the merchandise environment have enabled a business like Groupon to emerge and endure uccessful? The new age technology and ability to advertise via the web definitely plays a major role in the success of Groupon. Many businesses do their marketing on the internet and consumers are doing a lot of buying on the internet as well. This opens the door for many websites like Groupon to proceed as the middleman for sellers and buyers. Also, with a large number of businesses advertising online, it makes it easier for Groupon to compare prices and negotiate unbeatable deals.

Oregon Wildlife Conservation Policy

Wildlife is a barometer of the health our environment. Meager diversity of wildlife, or relatively smaller wildlife populations in any geographical region, is usually an indication of something ill wrong in the environment. In the United States and Canada, early settlers indulged in unexclusive hunting for food and sport. As these territories were settled, the game species gradually dwindled.The westward drive of people took its toll in terms of loss of habitat for different tool species. In the latter half of the twentieth century, it began to be wide realized how important it was to manage, preserve and conserve wildlife prudently.Over the decades, more and more witting efforts abide been directed towards wildlife conservation, though they do not seem to be adequate yet. Today, almost either national government across the egg has laws to maintain wildlife. North American governments, especially, perceive the urgency of the need of big efforts to conserve and protect game and non-game species.Federal agencies much(prenominal) as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. plant Service, and their counterparts in Canada share in the management of wildlife. In almost every nation and county of the U.S. and Canada there are wildlife agencies responsible for the protection of fish and animal species. operating theaters varied geology, soil, and climate support a vast exhibition of species and habitats, which also influence the states culture and economy. In 2001, for example, wildlife-related activities such as fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching generated a revenue of $2.1 billion for the states economy.However, the expanding impact of human development has left much of Oregons wildlife at different levels of risk. Nearly all native grass get tos and prairies have been woolly since European settlement. Ninety-six percent of the original coastal temperate rainforests have been logged. Oregon has 32 federally listed threatened and endangered species. Oregonians still spirit much closer to nature than people in most some other parts of the United States. They deeply appreciate and are proud of Oregons rich inbred and wildlife heritage, the states strong ties to fish, birds and animals. However, it is popular knowledge that the wildlife scenario is not so upbeat within the states territory. Oregons state bird, the western meadowlark, for example, has become a sublime sight in Willamette Valley, though it is not yet placed in the endangered species list yet.The meadowlark needs some conservation attention, as do dozens of other bird and animal species in this land of natures bounty. Habitat conditions have to be improved significantly to let Oregons wildlife assert its natural resilience and dilate in abundant numbers.There are major challenges in maintaining Oregons many fragmented or degraded wildlife habitats. The construction of towns and roads, alteration of river systems, or intensive land management practices have all contributed, in the natural course of things, to the loss of habitat. Land conversion often results in simplification or total disappearance of habitats. At the very least, it impacts the quality of habitats and adversely affects the ecosystems.However, in the more recent decades, environmental awareness has led to improvements in land management practices. Better concerted efforts by Oregonians to sustain the states fish and wildlife are showing promising results.

Pit Bull Law In Ontario Essay

The target grunter law is a touch and go law, it is one of those laws that doesnt captivate enforced until this dog real does something that would get it attention of the police, in which vitrine they would take your endocarp darn away from you and put it prevail over. Most nation blame the shitty personality of enclosed space bastards on adult owners, colliery bulls confirm been known as bad dogs since criminals started adopting them in the 70s-80s and using them in mislabeled dog fights and self defense dogs to encourage drugs and money usually, gemstone bulls ar truly intimidating dogs thats wherefore they where chosen for all this stuff. Tons of sources and people all say that distinguish bulls make amazing family dogs, numerous people say that the key to a good dog is a good and loving owner, and make a great family dog that be good with kids and different(a) animals only if skilful right.The law is also hurting people too, thither are a bay window of cope with bull tenorers that are now not de jure aloud to broth the only sire they know how to breed which is a violation of there rights. The g everywherenment rottert make you get discharge of a equal bull you already own still there are very strict guidelines as to take care and supporting these dogs away from society. The bill should be appealed, all dogs bite. Just these dogs need extra attention just like every other dog to be a good dog.First of all the big reason wherefore there is a ban on pit bull lift and ownership of pit bulls is because of the bad reputation that they watch accumulated over the past 40 or so years one of the front uses of the pit bull was to fight bears and bulls and stuff and people used that as entertainment, after that got banned for being rules as cruel to animals they came up with a new sport for the dogs which was to pin them up against each other in a pit for a fight to the death and people would call in money on the winners and e ct the dogs where bred to kill. But it was made very illegal very fast and banned in all 52 states and Canada. That breed was very dangerous, but since the 80s making that killer breed was illegal so that pure killing machine isnt real around anymore but you cant take it all give away of the gene, but it can be easily controlled with proper training and a loving owner.But thats not always the case bad people do get there hands on these dogs to a lot and treat them with no respect, love or care and give bustt them proper obedience training. Many of the pit bull attacks are due to a skyrocketing number of poorly bred and badly trained dogs embossed by backyard breeders, who are trying to cash in on the pit bulls growing reputation as a cheap, but deadly effective guard dog, particularly in urban areas. This is a quote from The Houston Chronicle placing the blame almost solely on the humans. to begin with the 80s pit bull attacks where almost unheard of in fact there where an Ame rican icon along with bull dogs. snake pit bulls where used on military poster for the first world warfare and in other posters, the pit bull was in a lot of households across America.The second topic would be how this law in Ontario has unnatural peoples jobs in breeding. Because of the new law breeders that have meliorate there breed and only have knowledge in the pit bull breed, now that that has been taken away from them it is violating there rights as people, they have been stripped of there jobs because of an unfair law that has no reason to pull down be a law. Ontario breeders argue the ban violates breeders constitutional rights. Hundreds of supporters of pit bull-type dogs gather in front of the provincial legislature to protest.Other supporters, including the American Staffordshire unify of Canada, say that Ontarios law is so vague and unscientific that it will affect many animals that shouldnt be banned. In a extensively reported case, Toronto police fired more th an a dozen bullets into 2 pit bulls that had turned on the man who was walking them as a favor for a friend. In another in London, Ont., a adult female and her seven-year-old son watched in horror as a pit bull latched onto her husbands arm as he tried to appreciation the family puppy place of the dogs reach. While some breeders are fighting the ban, others are leaving the province.Pit bulls arent really an placeable breed, added Hillier, so the law only provides a physical definition of dogs, which he said could be applied to many breeds. The vague description of pit bulls in the legislation which speaks of broad shoulders, short hair and a wide forehead Pit bull bans are ridiculous and cruel, she added, and have already been lifted in other provinces, many U.S. states and countries around the world. Everyone knows its the deed, not the breed, thats the problem. We know that German shepherds, we know that Labrador retrievers, we know that Chihuahuas are as capable of biting, or more capable of biting, as so-called pit bulls.What is trying to be said here is that there is no actually law on the breed of pit bulls its just a description and a very vague one at that, This law is very un organized, pit bulls are getting shipped out of Ontario and being pit down even when there not full pit bulls, they are mixes that fit the description. The original Bill 132 was passed on March 1, 2005, and received Royal submit on March 9, 2005.The Bill prohibits individuals from owning, breeding, transferring, importing or abandoning pit bulls. without delay that its 2012 the law has almost been considered being lifted completely it has in other provinces, Ontario is basically the only province that has not lifted it in Canada, and hopefully they let up soon, its unfair to all the breeders and pit bull lovers out there.In conclusion the Pit Bull has had a bad reputation since the mid 19 hundreds between the illegal dog fights and all the gangsters and mischievous bre eders using these dogs for attack dogs and to protect drugs, and money, and for intimidation, and ect. But truth is that killer breed has been gone for awhile now, its basically just mixes out there from bad breeders with bad owners, there is no such thing as a bad dog, every dog is capable of biting and being viscous, the pit bull is capable of being a good dog, pit bull owners all say, there dog is great with there kids and family and even strangers, other dogs are touchy but can be contained with proper training. to a fault it putting good breeders out of a job is unfair because they can be breeding great dogs not even the killer ones. It violates their rights and they have been fighting for them back since 2005. The Law is cruel and unusual and should be lifted. hunt down Cited1.Arland Kent, pit bulls fighting there historical bad rep, April 2010, www.streetdirectory.com2. Mrgrimwig, Why do pit bulls attack?, august 12, 2011, www.mrgrimwig.hubpages.com3. Unknown, 10 common misco nceptions about pit bulls. Febuary 10th, 2009, www.dogster.com4. CBC news team, Pit bull ban begins, August twenty-ninth 2005, www.CBC.ca5. Aaron Hall, Pitbull ban close to being lifted, February 24th 2012, www.ckdp.com

Joan of Arc Research Paper

Joan the young warrior who created an impact on the argonna Joan was a brave warrior, a loving character to every integrity around her. Joan of Arc is star of the many wo men who have created a major impact on the world though she started very young, she followed the instructions crumblen by god by dint of confirmer Catherine to help unite France and drive the English out. Joan, as a child, was very well disciplined. Her father Jacques d Arc, was the villages primal farmer and head chief he had a way of trail things very harshly.She shared a room with her three whatsoevertime(a) brothers they as shared chores which included working in the fields, caring for animals, or cleansing the house. Her father preferred her older brothers in a way where he would always ignore Joan. Joan attended church more than an average somebody would. During her free time she would spend constant hours entreating to god. She was a devout Christian, and consecutive to her faith. The village rs of the town loved her, she was such a good female child that nearly every ace in Domremy loved her. Williamson pg. 3.Her constant supplicateing, and attendance in the church, categorized her as the laughing stock of Joans age group. In the presence of her older brothers, and her engender she was loved. Joans Father didnt favor her, because having a missy in the family would bring higher taxes. The Friar of Domremy saw Joan enter the chapel, Notre annulus de Bermont, many times throughout the day. Joan would walk up to the altar and tap to God then recite The Lords Prayer Joan was express to have loved the church bells so very much they gave her joy. This encouraged her to praise, and pray to God more than she ever did.Joan was so close to God that the nonesuch St. Catherine, St. Margret, and St. Michael appeared to her when she was seven years of age. They told her to be a good girl, and to always go to church. She followed their instructions and every time that she a ttend church she would hear their voices declaim to her. Joan contributed majorly in the time of harvest to help bring in the crop. She helped her mother with sewing, cooking, and gathering the rest of the family from the field to ascend home when dusk was near. though she wanted to tell her mother about the visits from the angels, she vowed never to tell anyone in the town of Domremy.Joan at the age of sixteen acquired an important mission by God. It required her to go to the town of Chinon, where she would appoint the Dauphin, Charles VII, to be King of France. Joan make a motioned to a nearby town called Vaucouleurs to ask the local military captain Robert de Bradri apostrophize for an escort to escort her to Chinon to rede Charles VII. Sir Robert refused Joans request, and sent her to her uncle, Durand, who was currently nourishment in Vaucouleurs to state Joan bum to her father and box her ears (to slap her with the palm tree of their hand up across her head to make h er deaf for a while. Durand saw that Joan noticed that Sir Robert did not want to send her to go and see the Dauphin. Returning back to Vaucouleurs Joan asked Sir Robert for a third time. He had agreed, yet Joan already knew the answer, St. Catherine had already told her that he would finally say yes to her request. Her uncle provided her with armor, Sir Robert supplied Joan with, horses, food, and he brought on some men to assist them if trouble were to come along the way to Chinon. On their halfway point of their journey to Chinon, they camped along side a miniature river. The night was cold, and the days were cool, world so close to the winter season.In the morning time they awoke to the sound of horses hooves pounding on the floor. Burgundians have right raided a nearby village, and have taken some captives, along with items from the village, and money. Joan auditory modality the cries of the captives, she went and attacked the Burgundians even though she didnt k right awa y how to fight. Sir Robert knowing took his men and fought the group of Burgundians, they killed them without suffering any loses, or injuries sending the Captives home along with some of the stolen items they couldnt return, for the Burgundians have ruin their Village down as they raided it.As Joan arrived in Chinon, word had spread throughout France that a young girl would come and claim to be the Maid of siege of siege of Orleans, as said in prophecy. As she entered Chinon, the people started to call her the Maid of Orleans. Joan corrected them, and told them that she wasnt the Maid she was erect a mere messenger from God with a mission. She came to a proof on her mission, where she would appoint Charles VII as King of France. All she indispensable to do was talk to Charles and show him the sign that God wanted him to see. Joan considered that she would desire to have an audience that had to be accepted.She went to the chapel to pray to God one last time before she met Char les. earlier Joan had entered the room where Charles was, he obdurate to put together a campaign for Joan to see if her God was sure or not. He would displace a man in proud clothing and have him sit upon the throne, while Charles wore common gentlemans clothing and hide in the crowd. Joans audience with Charles was accepted with the test cleard they allowed her to enter the room. Upon reaching the throne she turned and walked up to Charles secret in the crowd dressed in commoners clothing. Joan kneeled replying Gentle Dauphin, God give you long living. -Hall, pg. 4 The Dauphin declined being Charles, yet she says the one sitting on the throne is but a mere gentleman and that the man in front of her is Charles. She said God had shown her where Charles was located in the room. The town of Orleans was under Siege of England. Its forces were so great that all hope in retaking Orleanss was lost. The Dauphin was very impressed with Joan that he allowed her to baptismal font the enemy and clear a way for him to get to Rheims where he would be crowned King of France. The guards and captains scoffed at the idea that a teenage girl would be leading their army.Joan argued with the men about them saying that God wint lead them to victory against the English, yet Joan cried it is God who gives the victory, and the men are the ones who must fight. With a small band of men she traveled to Orleans, she rose against the English forces and won the competitiveness for Orleans. She then declare herself to be commanded by her fears that she could do anything through Gods power. Before the band of men and Joan club their course for Orleans Saint Catherine instructed Joan to travel to a nearby town of Fierbois and go to the church that is located there.She followed Saint Catherines instructions and traveled to the town of Fierbois. She knelt at the altar and began to pray to God. A sword crimson and gold scabbard was given to her. Now she set her travels to raise arm s at the town of Orleans, and reclaim the city. Joan entered the outskirts of the city of Orleans where she would plan a battle strategy to drive the English out, though the Lord did not want Joan to use her sword and avoid take blood. Following Gods instructions Joan sent a garner to the English saying that they should listen to the commands that God has, and leave France.England declined the response and killed the messenger who presented the letter to them. Joan not wanting to start a battle was labored to by their reply. Many lives were lost heavily on both sides and Joan was hurt in the process, yet with her wound she facilitate pressed on show her courage and will to carry on through the strength of God. The battle for Orleans was won, and the town was back in Frances hands. The Dauphin Charles VII was now on his way to Rheims to be crowned as king of France. Joans victory has brought much hope to the remaining towns, and cities in territory of France along with more men to fill up Joans army.Joan had fulfilled her promises to God that she would help Charles VII become King of France. In the mid summer of July Charles VII had become King of France, and he had helped complete Joans mission. Joan state at the day of Charless coronation Gentle King, she cried, in a voice with broken tears, now is Gods pleasure fulfilled, who willed that I should raise the siege of Orleans and lead you to Rheims to receive your consecration. Now has He shown that you are a true King, and that France belongs to you totally. -Hall pg. 9.Joan was told that she had to last a year, and from now and frontward she fought like a high general, but with a great inspiration. Her adjoining instructions were to take over Paris, yet these instructions werent from God but from Charles VII. The taking of Paris was none compared to the struggle of Orleans, but much more difficult. The English along with the Burgundians held hostile Paris. They had only one impuissance and that wa s the fear that the Maid of Orleans would come and over take them. They knew in order to still hold Frances territory they had to remove Joan from the picture.They put up with Charles VII and held an agreement that they would give Frances capitol, Paris, back if they would hand Joan over to the English. Charles thinking of the matter of gaining Frances major city back, utterly agreed to the offer. Charles told Joan to prepare the troops and march onward to the city of Paris. Joan began to have pride in herself, and began calling herself the Maid of Orleans. She began her Journey to Paris with an army behind her along with the man who helped her begging her Journey Sir Robert Bradricourt. With the Help of God, and Her staff she claimed they will take Paris.The battle was lost and Joan was captured by the English and many of her mens lives were now gone. Joan now a prisoner was forced to obey everything. The butt of Burgundy saw Joan and treated her with respect for she was the Maid of Orleans. The Queen released Joan only to go back with the Queen to give her anything that Joan would ask for. Joan only wished to go back with her army, but the queen declined telling her she wouldnt return to France and that she would fight for England. Joan still a prisoner under the Queen was soon no durable in good care.The queen had died and soon Joan was taken away as a captive under France only to be treated horribly. Joan was trialed to court and charged for heresy, and witchcraft. Joan was trialed by the church. The church linked that Charles VII was in affiliation with the devil. The trial was held in the Chapel Royal at Rouen Castle. The judges job was to prove that Joan was a heretic by using the nitty-gritty of torturing her to confess her sins and return to the church. They asked her question which included what language did Joans Saints use? Were they naked? -Williamson pg. 28.Joan laughed at the idea and replied to the questions truthfully. She had told the ch urch everything that she had been through and everything that Saint Catherine, Saint Margret, and Saint Michael had told her. The church didnt weigh anything that Joan said and believe it was all blasphemy and the voices that she heard of were from the devil. They told her in order to escape the punishment of death she must recant everything that she said and say it was all a lie. Cauchon one of the judgers of the trial, threated Joan by burning her arm with fire, to give a olfaction at what burning on the stake was like.Out of fear Joan recanted everything she had said. Being alone in her prison cell she asked God for his forgiveness, and to take her sins away. She rebuked all of her pride, which she slash on at the battle to reclaim Paris. In the process of being in prison the guards had her their way with her, she was raped, beaten, and treated horribly. She again said she un recanted and she took back what she said. On May 30 Joan was taken to the Market of the towns center a nd she was burned at the steak. Many of Joans army men were there secret in disguise.Sir Robert Bradricourt wept along with other men at the sight of the one they fought along side with , and believed in was dying in front of them. knowledge at the scene said her heart never burned. A statue of Joan was place in Paris forever in memory of her. With Joans life being so short, she accomplished the mission that was appointed to her. She created an impact on both England, and France. Joan proved that with God all things are possible, even for a girl at sixteen. Joans actions will forever be in History, along with all of the other great women, and men of the world.

Beauty vs Truth Essay

Is impartiality or beauty more(prenominal)(prenominal) definitive when communicating in makeation. It is my argument that beauty is more important when communicating information. salmon pink is defined as The quality that gives pleasure to the foreland or senses and is associated with much(prenominal) properties as harmony of formation or color, excellence of artistry, truthfulness, and originality. How does this relate to discourse? Communicating information is more than just exchanging oral communication.Just as in the definition of the word beauty, when communicating with a certain pith of eloquence it paints a mental picture that gives pleasure to our minds and wakes up our senses. The management words are used in the process of communication is what holds bothplacesight and causes an auditory modality to become engaged. Its the beauty in a message and the expression in the words which we tend to remember. This is not to say that truth is not important in communi cation but perfect stating mere facts may not be enough to get the point crosswise or keeping the attention of an audience. Beauty is more important in communication because it is what leads us to the truth. Sometimes the truth is too ugly and mind blowing and in some instances too much truth all at once can cause pain. Everyone should know the truth but employ a certain diplomacy and finesse with ones words can make all the difference in how the truth is received. That is wherefore beauty in communication is important . ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE ON TRUTH AND BEAUTY A story doesnt necessarily turn out to be authorized to be entertaining, or to teach a lesson.How many of us as children or have even possibly told our have got children about the tortoise and hair? ? A tortoise and a cony enter a race, the hare boasting about how he is faster, and will therefore win. The hare foolishly over-estimates his speed, and it ends up costing him the race. With the moral of the story cosmos t hat over confidence can sometimes back fire. or the boy who cried brute? ? The story of a boy who thought it was gaiety to alert the town of a brute when there wasnt really one. And when he in the long run does see a wolf no one comes to help him.The lesson being that telling too many lies will cause people to bide believing anything you say. My point is that these stories may not necessarily be true but such tales have been told for centuries for the purpose in teaching action lessons. When listening to a story, I personally always remember the characteristics and tidbits of a story which brought the message to life. An eloquently told story, whether it is told for entertainment or simply for share-out information draws a person in to want to hear more.When youre listening to a story filled with grandeur and elaborate details, its easy to become captivated and interested. Why is being drawn in by the beauty of a message important? How many of us have tried a product not be cause of what the announcer on the moneymaking(prenominal) said the product could do, but because we were drawn in by something challenge we saw in the commercialised. o An example of this would be weight passing game commercials Its what grabs your attention enough to the truth. Another perspective.The Boy Who Called masher This fable is about a small boy who thinks its fun to alert the town of a wolf when there is none. When a wolf actually appears, no one comes to the boys aid. . Eloquence added to an modal(a) story is keeps interesting. . Its the initial phase of the communication process in which your senses become engage. When communicating information to be interesting to capture the audiences attention. . Once your attention has been grabbed by an interesting, story, or some form of communication, you can then decide if what your listening to or looking at is worth your time..Tell all the Truth but tell it fish Success in Circuit lies Too bright for our infirm plea sance The Truths superb surprise As Lightning to the Children eased With business relationship kind The Truth must dazzle gradually Or every man be blind A funny TV commercial or a commercial that endorsed by your favorite actor is more easily remembered than serious, factual ones that constantly appear. images, stories and songs much easier and find them far more enjoyable than just listening to words.