How Free is the will of the individual within Society Research Paper

How Free is the testament of the undivided within Society - Research Paper ExampleAt the beginning, she did not comprehend what was happening however, she outright understands all the gifts and outings were crucial in the grooming process. Mallet now 20, filed a civil suit in U.S. District Court claiming the school authorities failed to ensure that she was safe from the predator thus, the suit was as a result of her ordeal with the assistant principal. Her lawsuit alleges that school officials and teachers understood or were ware about the revilement but did nothing to end it or keep her safe. Mallett consents that she kept quiet because she was afraid no soulfulness would believe her besides, she wanted to reveal her ordeal but did not know whom she would trust thus, she felt trapped. However, she managed to crucify her fear and embraced the philosophy that promotes embracing what is correct even if it means standing alone thence, her past hugely baffled her will to reveal the transcendental and consequently the lawsuit she filed. She eventually revealed the secret to the school chaplain who in lessen informed the authorities. All done the affair, she considered it wrong however, the assistant principal would defend the affair by axiom that he loved her and she trusted him. She got into this trusting relationship since the predator was good at comprehending what worked for the victim thus, it was effortful for the victim to see clearly the big picture when sex began. Choice could be free will or determined and has implications on moral conscientiousness Stace argued that free will indicates the absence immediate causal agents like being forced at gunpoint. Therefore, this soft determinism viewpoint never denies internalization of past experiences cognition and emotions that consequently form the basis for a choice. Mallet makes the choice of revealing the secret to the school chaplain through her experience, cognition and piety, as it is certain that without free will there would be no morality (Stace 924) since morality regards what idiosyncratics ought to or not do. However, if a person lacks the freedom of choice, it would be meaningless to correct the respective(prenominal)s act in addition there would a big challenge to punish the individual for what he or she could not help doing. Stace greatly opposes hard determinism pointing out that if free will did not exist, attaining high levels of morality would be impossible. For instance, if an action taken by an individual does not make the individual chastely responsible then, encouraging people to embrace moral choices would also be outside the picture. Stace goes a ample way to illustrate free acts and unfree acts for instance, free choices are not compelled by circumstances impertinent to the individual however, unfree acts are compelled by external forces (928). An example of a free act is an individual starving himself in protest and in this case, Mallet decide s to get over her fear and let the secret out despite the way the society may perceive her. Morality drove her to this choice therefore the scenario shows a compatibility take of free will and determinism. Stace state that soft determinism is the absence of coercive external agents that enables an individual to take a certain action freely. Therefore, from this viewpoint, a persons behavior may be a result of internal psychological states that have causes but the absence of immediate pressing agents that influence behavior ensures that the individual makes a free will (Stace 929). Mallett

Character Sketch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Character Sketch - Essay Exampleis a man with agreeable principles both in his views and deeds a trait that earned him love and a barrage of criticisms in certain quarters in equal measure, more particularly among the white community for being likewise tolerant towards the plight of Negros in the 80s when racism was at its peak.Big Daddy perceives every individual liveliness within the United States and the world over as equal human beings who have all the rights to ravish justice and social respect. Like principles etched in the corners of his brain, he memorizes the opening sentence of the second divide of the United States Declaration of Independence long considered the founding creed of Americas civil religion, and genuinely recites it as it is, thatWe hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their spring with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.Unlike the majority living during his time, Big Daddy light-emitting diode by example, falling far short to subscribing and living by the norms of the pride in the white community. Accordingly, he fell in love and actually married a melanise woman. Further, he has had a black man as his aid in his entire career as a lawyer and a rights defender. He actually started drifting off in his early ages, taking the very opposite step like mingling a lot with the black community to demystify the long standing myths had been peddled for ages. Among otherwise things that he will be remembered for by generations is the very brave act of helping the blacks with own resources in pursuit of injustices for crimes committed in total disregard of the law. According to Miss Jilian words a inhabit and a friend Big Daddy is not only a defender of justice, but a passionate, dedicated activist fighting battles worth fighting for even if it means putting his resources and life on the line he has helped bring sanity int o the minds hitherto full of hatred of

Creative Life Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Creative Life piece of writing - Essay ExampleThe nighttime was unpleasantly cold. Maureen sat back and reposeed still on her bed, struggling non to tremble. Any motions or move about could be heard by the other mean convent sisters. She attempt to control her breathing, in order not to trigger nausea in the extraordinarily freezing publicize despite the fact that her heart wanted to beat its way out of her chest. Her body was uneasy, as she had to deferral for the morning almost throughout the night. Fin ally, it was morning, and the chattering and babbling noises of morning birds reverberated throughout the trees. Moreover, she knew she had finally walloped the recognizable specious of her patients. Enthusiasm endangered to compel her gulp of air into an unbalanced struggle for breath, but she assay to remain in control of herself. By now she knew the other sisters were up. She challenged to turn her query over so steadily, to shade closely through the spaces between the beds in the dormitory. A pair of shimmering eyes in the narrow effulgence bounced in her direction. Then she reckoned she would have only seconds. They drew more rapidly, and she allowed her muscles to be overwrought, set for confrontations she would have to face, she eyeshot to herself. Without warning, there was a heavy tap on her shoulder and what followed was the glare of two big eyeballs and a hoarse voice saying, Getcha loaf off the bed you muppet Maureen starred at Mother Teresa and in her head said to herself, I wonder if she knows the Jesus, she preaches about. I am having a bad dose, Mother Teresa, Said Maureen. The watch from the gigantic woman made Maureens arms move of its individual agreement as she tried to lift her helpless body off the bed. Maureens feet reached for the ground. She howled while yawning and gurgled stretching her muscles after a long night. She put on her sandals and walked down the hallway, knowing the routine it was time for morning prayers befo re victorious breakfast. By now, Maureen could not hold her nausea anymore as she headed hurriedly for the bathroom. When there she let it go, and it took all her energy making her sit on the floor despite how unhygienic and unthinkable it was.She slowly open up the door and soon after noticed a shadow below her feet. When she looked up she could see the project of a gigantic woman before her, as the sunlight rays made it difficult to tell who it was. She travel towards Maureen and said, Relax my child, it is me, Angela. Maureen then stepped back in a manner to hide her face from the blaring sunlight. As she regained her sight, she noticed an elderly woman was staring at her belly. She then said, hows the body me a runty child? Maureen replied, Am doing just good sister. But Angela became persistent and asked, And why are ya spoofing off ya spill here? Maureen then looked down and said, You must not tell anyone of this but am up to the duff Sister. Angela sat down next to her i n astonishment. How is that even possible? You are a very late lad

Culture and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Culture and disposal - Essay ExampleAdditionally, organisational last extents its manifestation in ways which an entity allows for autonomy and freedom of making decisions, personal expression, and development of new ideas. Organizational enculturation gives a clear outline on how breeding and power flows through its set channels and influences strengths of employees by encouraging commitment towards the organizations bodied goals (Stallman, 20104). The culture of an organization is crucial since it affects its crosswayivity and performance mechanism and provides guidelines suitable for establishing an appropriate customer returns channel, product quality, and safety. Introduction Southwest Airlines Company is a low cost, American airline that has its base in Dallas, Texas. According to articles published the companys public relations office, the company came into being in 1967. It pick out its company name in 1971 and by the fifth day of June 2011, documented evidence reveal ed that the airline is the largest in the United States basing the data on number of domestic passengers that it carried (Kelly, 200922). Despite the fact that the airline operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a real time in the years between 1970s and 1980s, between this stated period and 2012 the scooped identity of the mend airline that operates Boeing 737. In addition to that, by the last day of September 2011, this airline became the worlds largest operator of 737 recording over 550 of these aircrafts already in operation whereby, each operated an average of six flights in a single day. Following its performance and uniqueness, this paper warranted it an intense research based on its organizational culture (Khastar, 20112). As such, this paper will seek to analyze the culture of the Southwest Airlines using and applying theory-based frameworks practised in the study of organizational culture such as those developed by Schein and Harrison. The fantasy of organizational culture W ith reference to Schein theoretical framework, the processes whereby the Southwest Airlines became the largest Boeing 737 operator in America and globally as well, led it reproduce its systems and practices of management in order to gain competitive advantages over other airlines eyeing the aforementioned(prenominal) uniqueness. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it sough to reproduce its management practices as closely as possible, the results were rarely compatible. Generally, the managers encountered issues they did not have to face in the operating environment (Achtmeyer, 20022). This is the reason as to why the first notions of culture used by the managing team were so similar to those deployed by the company with the view of defining the content culture. At this point, the development of the concept of organizational culture was ultimately polemic as opposed to what took browse with other theoretical constructs such as organizational climate. Scholarly research reveals tha t, the concept of an organizational culture is a thing borrowed from basic social sciences, mainly sociology and anthropology (Flamholtz and Randle, 201183). As opposed to organizational climate, which is a product of a conducted research, the concept of an organization is a construct embedded in the theoretical framework that employs the use of organizational environment and academics to listen to management theory (Bundgaard, Bejjani, and Helmer, 200616). Given the power of the Southwest

Conformity and Obedience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conformity and obedience - Assignment Exampleadministering the drug, the she-goat would have broken health care rules such as judge the instructions through phone which is not allowed, administering double of the maximum limit of the drug. Despite the fact that the nurse understands the dose that is supposed to be administered to the patient, the nurse changed in order to respond to the request or quite an order from the doctor.Obedient in nursing practice should not be blind obedient merely rather a professional interaction between a nurse and a doctor (Quinn, 1998). The responsibilities in health care settings are channelled as well as enforced, whereby some people such as physicians have power over others. In regards to this, the nurses in health care settings have to perform the activities since it comes from an means figure. The nurse has to comply with the given orders from the physician. In this case, nurses are regarded as the helpmeets of physicians whereby they should not be the arrogant advert of men. Therefore, the nurse complies with physicians instruction since they get orders from them, despite breaking the rules of the hospital and risking the health and well being of the

Marketing managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

trade managment - Assignment ExampleEach and every organization, today, give huge importance to marketing. Marketing of a eatery is basically nothing but the marketing of the service of that eatery. However, restaurant marketing is little more rocky as compared to any other organization or product as the restaurant industry is super competitive in nature.This paper is all most a new restaurant called London dine Experience and various issues regarding marketing of this restaurant. The paper includes an in depth analysis of the marketing environment of the restaurant, the carry through and the reasons of segmentation of the market of London dining experience.Generally there are two plain marketing environments that influence an organization. These are micro and macro instruction environment. It is very important for any organization to go bad its marketing environment because marketing environment comprises of all those factors that have either direct or indirect influence on the organization. As far as London Dining Experience is concerned, the restaurant is about to launch. As a result it needs to have clear understanding about its marketing environment. identical any other organization microenvironment of this restaurant would include its suppliers, competitors, customers and marketing intermediaries. On the other hand the macro environment of this restaurant is comprised of economics, demographics, nature, politics, culture and technology (University of London, n.d.). So, it can be stated that the marketing environment of this restaurant is the combination of all these factors. Proper analysis of all these factors would enable the organization to create and maintain hale and effective relation with its suppliers and customers, to have clear idea what its competitors are authoritatively doing, to clearly understand the current tastes, needs and wants of the customers and

Edinburgh Rock Whisky Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Edinburgh Rock Whisky condescension - Essay ExampleWhen Alan Graham was in South Africa, he happened to meet a friend of his who had managed to piss a fortune for himself in the whisky industry. Grahams friend had managed to do this by introducing a whisky by the name Mountain Range Whisky. The whisky was in a bottle that was influence as the Table Mountain, the mountain that shadows Cape Town. Grahams friend had steadily managed to derive attain from the sale of his whisky. Therefore, from this idea Graham thought of finding a bottling company that would he would purchase bottles that were wrought like the Edinburgh Rock and hence call it Edinburgh Rock Whisky.Market research is doing anything that gives one a better soul of the market that one is venturing into. Market research is normally done before the production of a commodity and has often been proven a valuable thing to do. It is because a customer research guides ones business decisions since gives one understanding o f his/her competitors, marketing, consumers and products. Since it helps one make better decision, it will certainly come in very handing in creating a successful and exceptional marketing strategy.Marketing helps one reduce the chances of getting the prices, products and promotions wrong. A suitable example is that of Alan Graham. If he had carried out a good market research, he would have know that there were chances that some institutions in Scotland would reject his product. In addition, he would have known that there was shoot to make a few adjustments to the ignition business plan.

The Life Of A Knight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Life Of A Knight - Essay Example umpteen aspects of the knights life including their history, how one became a knight, who they worked for, the benefits associated with the honor and their day-to-day existence including tournaments, the most significant activity for the Knight when not engaged in combat.Knights were proficient mercenaries. Many traveled looking for drill doing combat. They were steeped in a chivalrous tradition, bore the noblest arms and rode the finest horses. The incessant private warfare that characterized medieval generation brought about a permanent military class and by the tenth coke the institution of knighthood was wellhead established (Duby, 2004). The successful Norman invasion in 1066 necessitated the nobility of England to create Knights. They provided an effective force in an effort to protect lands. By the eleventh century, these professional soldiers were approaching nobility themselves. The number of knights declined from the thirteenth cent ury onwards. The true knight disappeared in the sixteenth century in France and much earlier in otherwise countries (Hull, 2003).Knighthood was bestowed on those found worthy by a light touch on the shoulder with the humdrum of a sword in the hand of someone of nobility. The dubbing of a knight would normally slip by with much public fanfare accompanied by music and celebration. Knights could also be created in the firmament of battle in a quieter ceremony. Typically, when the son of a knight reached age six, he was sent to a nearby castle where he was educated in knighthood.The Page, the first step in becoming a knight, attended training schools usually run by a knight to learn all in that respect is to know about becoming one. This started with religious and moral training such as trust in God, to be humble, be generous, be a defender of the poor and widows, respect others, eat well that do not get drunk, avoid evil men, and do not lie (Gautier, 1957). The Page was taught th e leger usually through the use of

Writing a paper regarding the movie Miss Representation Essay

Writing a paper regarding the movie Miss Representation - Essay modelingThe media is evolving in the way it portrays women for the past few years however it is quite intriguing that it is not wholly evolved. Women still play the roles of cosmos sexual objects little emphasis is made on their educational achievements and careers. stock-still there are few films in the media which try to show women with strong personalities, depicting them as intellectual, self-reliable, stiff and sincere. However still many images in the media today emphasizes on the traditional woman representation of being emotional, inactive and reliant. Research studies have revealed that may children especially in the adolescent stage heavily commit on the social media to supplement information needs. This really underscores the effectiveness of media in instilling appropriate good conducts to the children. They follow whatever the media deems good or bad (Lauzen, 1999).It is quite disappointing that women in reality as shown through the media dont usually support their fellow women who aspire to take up leadership positions. Even though we know that women hold the largest numbers of the electorate. This revelation raises a troubling question wherefore women still transmit this misconception? This is a shortlycoming in the campaign against feminism as revealed in the documentary. thither is wide campaign to educate people about the problems that women are experiencing. The irony is that women themselves tend to aggravate the topographic point instead of improving it. Little is done to help them derive mechanisms of reducing these stereotypic images. Possessing the knowledge solo is not adequate.As Katie Couric reveals that maybe she has been a source of perpetuating the misrepresentation of women in the media through her wearing of short skirts and a revealing blouse during her presentation of various television news programs.

Bit coin in monetary economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bit coin in monetary political economy - Essay ExampleIt allows the conversions once held bit coins are automatically stored without the requirement of a bank bet (Barski and Wilmer, 31). Consequently, bit coin and other electronic coins reduce storage and business price, as well as it presents another option to control currency risk of exposure.Since bit coin floats against each bills and it is attached to any nations financial system, it is by meaning affronted from the result of its fiscal rule and economic measures. Supports king argue that uneven balances to bit coin could guard against dips in money since the bit coin in result does not, does not shift while every other money changes instead. However, bit coins worth is unstable, driven by issues in numerous cases exterior to the distinctive supply and command for the money itself. Recently commerce in bit coin has been considerably influenced by news that regulatory organizations descry the active currency as a refuge fo r money wash (Barski and Wilmer, 53).The lack of participants in the marketplace is also another important issue. Banks are not engaged in bit coin and then a business seeming to transact has inadequate alternatives. Even as a handful of treasury and risk controls portals will deal with practical currencies, the need for a system addition and formal baulk actions will be vital. The legal activities increase the time and attempt for companies to total their diligence and narrow fulfilment to support these dealings (Barski and Wilmer, 122). Combine with the need for a copied marketplace and the requirement for business to evade project money poses and the instruments just arent there for business to dependently use the bit coin.For business treasury and danger managers, the bit coin is not a considerable option to real market money owe to the need for cash. The quantity of bit coin in survival is little, which apparently makes it hard for

Response Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Response Paper - Article recitationwar forced her and her m separate to live a desperate life in a refugee populate in Pakistan and later in a foreign land Chicago, Illinois- the States a place where e verything was parvenu and antithetic from what they were used to. Thirdly, the war took away Farahs personal friends and more so her family members. Her dad and other siblings had perished in the war. Her cousins, uncles, aunts and even her grand render were no longer alive. The still member of family she was left with was her mother. Farah had to live the recline of her life wishing that the war neer erupted. She felt broken after being separated from her family and the only thing left was endless dreams and vivid imaginations of how the life would have been with her father and her brothers and sisters.Life in America was far much different from the life Farah and her mother had in Kabul- Afghanistan. In spite of their peace and safety, a good house and good foods, Farah and he r mother still struggled to adapt to the American lifestyle. Everything had suddenly become radical and they had to learn from scratch and through the hard way. This was a bit challenging since Farah and her mother spoke very little English. The issue of language difference was quite a challenge to Farah and her mother and in different situations Alyce a friend Farah had met while in the camp regularly chipped in to help them out. Alyce had readily helped Farah and her mother navigate through the medical system before she was sent to Germany (Ahmedi & Ansary, 2005). Of course, in Kabul there never used to be carnival rides. At first Farah thought that the other girls were screaming out of panic of falling from the ride. She without hesitation found herself screaming out loudly when the machine emitted sparks which was a part of the inherent carnival ride game (Ahmedi & Ansary, 2005). Her mother on the other hand spent a atomic pile of time in the house following her illness. She was really depressed and she had not met any new friends in Illinois. This

Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

confederacy analysis - Essay Exampleautonomic nervous system The firm interacts with the financial markets, as a U.S. private beauteousness firm, has bought a 48% minority interest in lululemon. The markets complicate the information thy need through these .the markets get the information of the companys position trough some other companies feedback . Also ,lululemon athletica when announce divididends all atomic number 18catered to .Ans This firm considers its hearty responsibility a very vital task they manage their image in society, by treating their employees well. The employees ar remunerated a charge above the mini mum wage rate.Lululemon athletica offers other good operate to its employees as well. This is why the goodwill of lululemon athletica circulates in the economy. Lululemon athletica has always looked at good organization and waste reduction. This is considered by them is actual elegant business. These be particularly taken care of in the production process. . Lululemon athletica is offering other good services to its employees. And so goodwill of lululemon athletica circulates within the societyThe programme of charitable giving is the ace which actually gives the consumers back their power , their power to select from a group of locally held health charities . it is estimated that in the year 2005 lululemon athletica actully gave back almost $300,000 back to their communities . Lululemon athletica also holds , free yoga demonstration classes . further more , activties are held each year to raise funds for the department . II Stockholder analysisQ Who is the average investor in this stock (Individual or pension fund, taxable or tax-exempt, small or large, domestic or foreign) Ans The individuals in this stock are the average investors they are both small and large groups who are non exempted of taxes. Common stock and the exchangeable per centums. Q Who is the marginal investor in this stockAn s The marginal investor is the companies that are rivulet through these plants frequently are the average investor lululemon athletica has sold its shares upon some equity firm. They are the ones which are fundamentally apart of the investment. IV. Measuring Investment Returns Q Is there a typical project for this firm If yes, what would it look interchangeable in terms of life (long term or short term), investment needs and cash lessen patterns Ans This Company typically runs a specific project for the firm. This is to have maximum investment, pay the share holders more than the minimum, and pay their employees more than the minimum. This company wants to sustain over the longer term of the business. Q How good the projects are that lululemon athletica has on its books currently Ans They look pretty good, lululemon athletica plans to expand its franchises further more, which means more recruitments will need to take place. And alongside that they would definitely have to plan and establish departments respectively . l ululemon athletica

Analyze Capital Budgeting Methodologies (NPV, IRR, MIRR, etc..) Research Paper

Analyze Capital Budgeting Methodologies (NPV, IRR, MIRR, etc..) - Research Paper ExampleSome of the major capital budgeting techniques argon2. Where NPV is zero, it is acceptable to the administration as it promises embody return to the required footstep of return. However, the shaping is in divers(prenominal)ial towards such a regard, as it gives no profit.This technique uses discounted cash flows in its analysis, which makes it ane of the most accu come in capital budgeting techniques. This is because it incorporates and considers both the risk and time variable aspect of the project. Therefore, it measures the net service of the project in todays currency terms (Accounting4managment, n.d).One of the major limitations of NPV method is its worry to make accurate forecast of the future cash flows and another is its vulnerability of manipulation through different discount rates as there is no standard to set a discount rate (Michel, 2001).Internal Rate of Return or also call ed yield on project is actually the rate of return of the investment project earned over the useful life of the project. The benefits and cost of the project are equal to each other at this discount rate. In other words, it is the discount rate where the NPV of the project is zero (Accounting4managment, n.d).There is no specific direct formula for manual calculation of IRR. Instead, the calculation is ground on the equation where NPV id zero using various cash flows at different discount rates. However, it drive out be easily calculated on Excel and financial calculators.1. Where IRR of the project is greater or equal to projects cost of capital, the composition accepts the project as it indicates that the return is higher than what organization pay to accept money for the project.2. Where IRR of the project is lower than the projects cost of capital, the organization rejects the project indicating that it would obviously not prefer to receive a return lower than what they pay t o borrow

Managing Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing Change - Assignment ExampleEvery department of the corporation should be involved in the parade of change. homo resource focal point plays a very important role in the process of organizational change. When the change is implemented there is always a necessity in force-out training. Human resources department provides expertise in coordinating change and organizes personnel training. HR managers help employees understand their crude roles in the company that underwent change and influence their perception of change that is very important for every company Reh states an individuals degree of resistance to change is determined by whether they perceive the change as good or bad, and how severe they expect the impact of the change to be on them. Their ultimate acceptance of the change is a function of how much resistance the person has and the quality of their coping skills and their support system (Reh). The department implements personnel selection as the changes, which are implemented, usually demand hiring new specialists. Appropriate human resource management helps implement successful organizational

The Role of Privat Sector in Education Case Study

The Role of Privat Sector in Education - Case Study grammatical caseIn more countries, the role of providing raising has been left as a responsibility of the governing. The government has therefore played an important role in ensuring all children have had access to quality education that helps them bring home the bacon their best in life. In the join States, the role of probed education has been left as a barter of the federal government. The united state has followed important decision that has been made by inter rural areaal bodies like the United Nations which has declared it the right of each and every child to access education. (Glanda 2003, p. 8)But the burden of providing education to the citizens has been deliberation heavy on the government and there has been a clamor for the involvement of the cloak-and-dagger arena in providing education to the public. As a result the snobbish sector has responded well and there have been many efforts by the confidential sec tor to address the needs of education of the state. This has been as a result of call by the government and from other stakeholders in the education sector on the need to have an education that is quality and relevant to the needs of the public (Bates 2002, p. 69)This paper will look at how the private sector can be involved in the provision of education to the citizens. It will look at how the private sector can be major players in the education sector. ... It is a sector that is independent from the go of the state. The private sector is an important sector in the economy as it supplements the government efforts in intoxication goods and service to the public. Therefore we can say that the private sector is a part of a nation but which is owned by individuals. The private sector is aimed at making profit unlike the government which is aimed at providing social welfare services to the citizens. The private sector provides a various of goods and service. But close of the services it provides are not that basic in nature. The government ensures that it take to the provision of basic services to the citizens. Therefore the private sector is involved in the provision of goods and services that supplements those that are provided by the government. For example, the private sector is involved in production of goods and services. However in the modern past there has been increase involvement of the private sector in the works of the government. In this regard, the private sector has made contributions in the health sector where the government has now come up with a comprehensive policy that communicate the needs of every citizen. (Coombe 2001, p. 20)In supplementing the efforts of the government, the private sector is involved in a number of ways. The recent trend in many countries has been that of delegating some of the government service to the private sector. Unlike the government, the private sector is known for efficiency in its work. This is because it is more oriented at providing the best goods and service since it operates in a competitive environment. Therefore the government has been delegating some

Diwali Essay Example for Free

Diwali EssayDeepavali or Diwali, popularly known as the fiesta of lights, is a five- sidereal day Hindu festival3 which starts on Dhanteras, famed on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishna paksha (dark fortnight) of the Hindu calendar month Ashwin and ends on Bhaubeej, illustrious on second lunar day of Shukla paksha of the Hindu calendar month Kartik. Dhanteras usu entirelyy falls eighteen geezerhood after Dussehra. In the Gregorian calendar, Diwali falls between mid-October and mid-November.Diwali is an official holiday in India,4 Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad Tobago, Suriname, Malaysia, Singapore and Fiji. For Hindus, Diwali is i of the most(prenominal) alpha festivals of the division and is famous in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. For Jains, Diwali label the progress of moksha or nirvana by Mahavira in 527 BC.56 Arya Samajists, celebrate this day as remainder Anniversary of Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Th ey also celebrate this day as Shardiya Nav-Shasyeshti.The name Diwali or Divali is a contraction of deepavali which translates into grade of lamps.7 Diwali involves the lighting of wee clay lamps filled with oil to signify the triumph of acceptable everywhere evil.8 These lamps ar kept on during the night and ones mob is cleaned, both done in order to make the goddess Lakshmi olfactory perception encounter.9 Firecrackers are extravasate because it is believed that it drives away evil spirits.101112 During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks with family members and friends.The festival starts with Dhanteras on which most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival is called the Naraka Chaturdasi. Amavasya, the trine day of Diwali, marks the faith of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. The fourth day of Diwali is known as Kartika Shudda Padyami. The fifth day is referred to as Yama Dvitiya, and on t his day sisters invite their br opposites to their homes. Deepavali or Diwali, popularly known as the festival of lights, is a five-day Hindu festival3 which starts on Dhanteras, celebrated on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishnapaksha (dark fortnight) of the Hindu calendar month Ashwin and ends on Bhaubeej, celebrated on second lunar day of Shukla paksha of the Hindu calendar month Kartik. Dhanteras usually falls eighteen days after Dussehra. In the Gregorian calendar, Diwali falls between mid-October and mid-November.Diwali is an official holiday in India,4 Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad Tobago, Suriname, Malaysia, Singapore and Fiji.For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. For Jains, Diwali marks the attainment of moksha or nirvana by Mahavira in 527 BC.56 Arya Samajists, celebrate this day as Death Anniversary of Swami Dayanand Saraswat i. They also celebrate this day as Shardiya Nav-Shasyeshti.The name Diwali or Divali is a contraction of deepavali which translates into row of lamps.7 Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil.8 These lamps are kept on during the night and ones house is cleaned, both done in order to make the goddess Lakshmi feel take.9 Firecrackers are reveal because it is believed that it drives away evil spirits.101112 During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks with family members and friends.The festival starts with Dhanteras on which most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival is called the Naraka Chaturdasi. Amavasya, the third day of Diwali, marks the worship of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. The fourth day of Diwali is known as Kartika Shudda Padyami. The fifth day is referred to as Yama Dvitiya, and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. It begins in late Ashvin (between September and October) and ends in early Kartika (between October and November). The days in Ashvin are in the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) of that month, while the days in Kartik are in its Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight). The first day is Dhan Teras. The finis day is YamaDvitiya, which signifies the second day of the light half of Kartika. Each day of Diwali marks one solemnization of the six principal stories associated with the festival.Hindus have several significant events associated with Diwali The return of Rama after 14 years of Vanvas (exile). To welcome his return, diyas (ghee lamps) are lit in total of 14. The killing of Narakasura Celebrated as Naraka Chaturdashi, one day forward Diwali, it commemorates the killing of the evil monster Narakasura, who wreaked havoc. In different versions, either Krishna or Krishnas wife Satyabhama killed Narakasura during the Dwapara yuga.Other events associated with Diwali allowR eturn of Pandavas after 12 years of Vanvas and one year of agyatavas (living incognito).Diwali being the festival of lights, across India mass celebrate it via symbolic diyas or kandils (colourful paper lanterns) as an integral part of Diwali decorations. Diwali rejoicings are spread over five days, from Dhanteras to Bhaiduj. In some marks like Maharashtra it starts with Vasu Baras. All the days except Diwali are named according to their surname in the Hindu calendar. The days are 1.Govatsa Dwadashi or Vasu Baras (27 Ashvin or 12 Krishna Paksha Ashvin) Go style terrify and vatsa means calf. Dwadashi or Baras means the 12th day. On this day the cow and calf are worshiped. The allegory associated with this day is that of King Prithu, son of the tyrant King Vena. Due to the ill rule of Vena, there was a terrible famine and earth stopped being fruitful. Prithu chased the earth, who is usually represented as cow, and milked her, nitty-gritty that he brought prosperity to the land . 2.Dhanatrayodashi or Dhan teras or Dhanwantari Triodasi (28 Ashvin or 13 Krishna Paksha Ashvin) Dhana means wealth and Trayodashi means 13th day.This day falls on the 13th day of the second half of the lunar month. It is considered an gracious day for buying utensils and gold, hence the name Dhana. This day is regarded as the Jayanti (Birth Anniversary) of God Dhanvantari, the Physician of Gods, who came out during Samudra manthan, the riotous of the great ocean by the gods and the demons.3.Naraka Chaturdashi (29 Ashvin or 14 Krishna Paksha Ashvin) Chaturdashi is the 14th day This was the day on which the demon Narakasura was killed by Krishna an incarnation of Vishnu. It signifies the victory of good over evil and light over darkness (Gujarati glasswort Chaudas, Rajasthan Roop Chaudas). In southern India, this is the actual day of festivities. Hindus wake up before dawn, have a sweet oil bath and dress in new clothes. They light small lamps all around the house and draw ela borate kolams /rangolis outside their homes. They perform a special puja with offerings to Krishna or Vishnu, as he emancipate the world from the demon Narakasura on this day. It is believed that taking a bath before sunrise, when the stars are still gross in the sky is equivalent to taking a bath in the holy Ganges. After the puja, children burst firecrackers heralding the defeat of the demon. As this is a day of rejoicing, many will have very elaborate breakfasts and lunches and bear family and friends. 4.Lakshmi Puja (30 Ashvin or 15 Krishna Paksha Ashvin) Lakshmi Puja marks the most important day of Diwali celebrations in North India.Hindu homes worship Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and Ganesh, the God of auspicious beginnings also known as the remover of obastacles, and then light deeyas (little clay pots) in the streets and homes to welcome prosperity and well-being. 5.Bali Pratipada and Govardhan Puja (1 Kartika or 1 Shukla Paksha Kartika) In North India, this day is ce lebrated as Govardhan Puja, also called Annakoot, and is celebrated as the day Krishna an incarnation of god Vishnu defeated Indra and by the lifting of Govardhana hill to save his kinsmen and cattle from come down and floods. For Annakoot, large quantities of food are decorated symbolising the Govardhan hill lifted by Krishna. In Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, it is celebrated as Bali-Pratipada or Bali Padyami. The day commemorates the victory of Vishnu in his dwarf form Vamana over the demon-king Bali, who was pushed into the patala. In Maharashtra, it is called Padava or Nava Diwas (new day). Men present gifts to their wives on this day. It is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar, in Gujarat. 6.Yama Dwitiya or Bhaiduj (also Bhayyaduj, Bhaubeej or Bhayitika) (2 Kartika or 2 Shukla Paksha Kartika) on this day, brothers and sisters meet to express love and affection for each other (Gujarati Bhai Bij, Bengali Bhai Phota). It is based on a account when Yama, lord of Death, visited his sister Yami (the river Yamuna). Yami welcomed Yama with an Aartiand they had a feast together. Yama gave a gift to Yami while leaving as a token of his appreciation. So, the day is also called YAMA DWITIYA. Brothers visit their sisters place on this day and usually have a meal there, and also give gifts to their sistersGoddess Lakshmi Pujaedit sourceMain article Lakshmi PujaDiwali marks the end of the harvest season in most of India. Farmers give thanks for the bounty of the year gone by, and pray for a good harvest for the year to come. Traditionally this marked the closing of accounts for businesses subject on the agrarian cycle, and is the last major celebration before winter. Lakshmi symbolises wealth and prosperity, and her blessings are invoked for a good year ahead.There are two legends that associate the worship of Lakshmi on this day. According to the first legend, on this day, Lakshmi emerged from Kshira Sagar, the Ocean of Milk, during the great churning of the oceans, Samudra manthan. The second legend (more popular in western India) relates to the Vamana avatar of the double three Vishnu, the incarnation he assumed to kill the king Bali. On this day, Vishnu came back to his abode the Vaikuntha so those who worship Lakshmi receive the benefit of her benevolent mood, and are blessed with mental, physical and material well-being.13As per apparitional references, on this day Lakshmi-panchayatan enters the Universe. Vishnu, Indra, Kubera, Gajendra and Lakshmi are elements of this panchayatan (a group of five). The tasks of these elements are Lakshmi Divine Energy (Shakti) which provides energy to all the higher up activities. Vishnu Happiness (happiness and satisfaction)Kubera Wealth (generosity one who shares wealth)Indra Opulence (satisfaction due to wealth)Gajendra Carries the wealthSaraswati KnowledgeDiwali is non only celebrated by Hindus it is somewhat also a Sikh festival as it marks the Bandi Chhor Divas festival.Spiritual significanceedit source part Diwali is popularly known as the festival of lights, the most significant spiritual meaning behind it is the sensory faculty of the inner light. Central to Hindu mythology is the belief that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the Atman. The celebration of Diwali as the victory of good over evil, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks ones true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite, immanent and transcendent reality. With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings anand (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Diwali is the celebration of this Inner Light.While the story behind Diwali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essenc e is the same to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).

Black Men and Public Spaces Essay Example for Free

Black Men and Public Spaces EssayThe depict of the story is Black Men and Public Spaces. It was written by Brent Staples in 1986. Brent Staples is a black man who whenever in public is met with fear from others because of his races stereotype. Feeling like a probable perpetrator can be just as unnerving as feeling like a potential victim. Staples has the ability to alter public space by his physical behavior, his dress and his verbal reaction. Black hands have a reputation of being rapist, murders and gang members, therefore many people get unhappy when a young black man is around. So Staples has learned how to convert his perception or level of threat to others. He accomplishes this by his physical behavior. The commission he walks or acts around others can change there mood. Now Staples reflexions if people argon frightened by him. Brent Staples attempts to introduce people to something about all argon guilty of, save pay little attention to. Using accounts from his o wn and others experiences, Staples strive portrays the racist tendency of people to assume black men are potentially violent and dangerous.Stereotypes are so common in our world today and people dont even notice how bad they portray it. I hate seeing that a man had to force himself to change the way he acts and portrays himself in public. Why should someone change their ways? It made me think of a clipping when I was getting gas on Green River Road near Washington Avenue. I was about done when a car with two black men pulled up and stepped out of their car. I was vile so I stopped and got into my car real quick.Now that I think about it those men werent doing anything, just grabbing some late night food. How could I be that bad of a soulfulness? I know now that was wrong of me and Im working on it. I believe someday society will realize what they are doing and change it. Not just for their sake but for mankind. Staples was viewed as a rapist, murder, and etcetera, all because he was a black man. But in reality he was just as uncomfortable as everyone who looked at him differently. Brent Staples tries to make people aware of what they are guilty of and someday all will realize.

Developing as a hr practitioner Essay Example for Free

Developing as a hr practitioner EssayThe CIPD Profession map is a strategic tool used to help visualise HR is fully utilised in the agreement it operate in. It is used to add value to the organisation and define the highest level of master competency required.The Profession Map is made up of 2 perfume professional areas, 8 specialist areas, 8 behaviours and 4 level Insights, strategy and solutions is the first core professional area, which helps the organisation to make informed choices about the direction of business. It allows decisions to be made about how the business get out operate and identifies opportunities for improvement and development. Leading HR is the second professional area, which focuses on ensuring HR own, shape and hinge on themselves and the development of others within the organisation. They cover 3 key leadership areas, Personal leadership, leading others and leading issues. HR are seen as proactive rather than observational. Organisation designThis ensures that the organisation is correctly setup to demonstrate it objectives in the short, medium and long term and a robust plan is in place to hole with restructuring.

Medieval Universities Essay Example for Free

Medieval Universities leavenThe English universities were one of the most significant creations of Medieval England. The prentices who attended eitherOxford or Cambridge Universities set an intellectual shopworn that contrasted markedly with the norm of Medieval England. Oxford University came into being some 20 years before Cambridge University. The church building had a major(ip) impact at Oxford. The town came in spite of appearance the diocese of Lincoln, yet Oxford had its own archdeaconry. It was the input of the church that led to the first recorded student/university authority clash at Oxford. The universities led to major harvest-festival in some(prenominal) Oxford and Cambridge as towns and both became important centres. No-one is quite sure why Oxford was chosen as the town for Englands first university however, the town had a number of distinct advantages. Oxford was the centre of communications within its region and both royalty and foreign scholars frequentl y visited the town.There were also many religious houses/centres just about the town and the agricultural land was rich and farming did well at this time. Oxford was considered to be in a civilised part of England it was near to London and getting to Europe was not necessarily a major journey. Oxford also held strategic importance, which led to the building of a castle there. In 1167, a quarrel mingled with Henry II and Thomas Becket led to a temporary ban on English scholars firing to study in France. For whatever reason, scholars and academics gathered in Oxford to continue with their work fifty of them. As journey to the university in Paris was not allowed, more scholars and academics arrived in Oxford. Sometime after 1167 Giraldus Cambrensis visited Oxford and started teaching there. He taught tierce times a day.He took poor students for lectures he then taught academics from different faculties, and lastly he taught knights and the likes. His business concern became large r than the normal monastic or cathedral school. In 1180, Prior Philip of St. Frieswade, Oxford, recorded that a scholar had left his family in York to study at Oxford. Within twelve years, the importance of a good facts of life was clearly having an impact. In 1192, Richard of Devizes wrote Oxonia vix suos clericos, non dico satiat, sed sustenat. Richard was basically stating that there were so many scholars in Oxford that the town could barely go them. By 1209, it was estimated that there were 3,000 students in Oxford. It was also in 1209 that students in Oxford started to migrate to Cambridge. This occurred after some students killed a woman in Oxford.At this time, King John and Pope Innocent III were quarrelling over a new Archbishop of Canterbury. Innocent put England under an interdict. With such worries, John had few thoughts for students in Oxford. He gave his permit for the execution of three students in Oxford involved in the womans death. However, in the delay that too k pace, the students fled to Reading, Cambridge of Paris. Others followed to Cambridge and by 1284, Peterhouse College was founded. Unlike the great university of its time the university in Paris Oxford was not connected to either a cathedral or a religious house.The Sorbonne was supervised by ecclesiastical men while Oxford was supervised by masters, though these were usually in holy orders. Regardless of this, Oxford developed with a degree of practical independence. By the end of what is considered to be Medieval England, the following colleges had been created at Oxford University College, Balliol, Merton and Exeter. In Cambridge, Peterhouse College was created. Student life in both towns was to transform Oxford and Cambridge. The lifestyle of the students was to frequently bring both universities into conflict with the church.

Outline Influence of Childhood Experiences on Adult Relationships Essay Example for Free

Outline Influence of Childhood Experiences on Adult Relationships try outIndividuals differ in their races psychologists have researched whether adult relationships ar related to early experiences in life. Bowlby believes that the type of relationship the individual has with their primitive caregiver gives a basis of a future relationship. This is called the internal operative model. The hero-worship of strangers represents an important survival mechanism, which is by nature, babies display social releasers which helps them ensure contact or proximity with the primary caregiver, as they similarly testament with their partner in their adult relationship. Another example of the internal working model is the continuity hypo thesis, which is a key theory to explaining infanthood or adolescent experiences on later adult relationships, where it states that childhood relationships will affect your future relationships, Mary Ainsworth explores this by looking at our relationshi ps as infants as concluded three types Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant.Secure is where the infant is in a calm state stock-still without the presence of the primary caregiver, secure avoidant is where shows little distress, avoids contact with caregiver when returns, and insecure-resistant is when child shows a lot of distress, anxious(predicate) and nervous. This demonstrates the relationship that the child has with the primary caregiver when they are present and not present.This gives the child a isthmus of beliefs about themselves and the nature of the relationship with others, the continuity thesis sees this as a prophetical behaviour of future relationships. Hazen and Shaver alike devised a theory that supports the continuity thesis, they say that when a child perceives a threat to a relationship or themselves, they will feel frightened or worried, and then they seek the primary caregivers attention. Depending on the situation the appendage behaviour varies depending on the need of the child.They also discover adult relationships, where adults recipely feel safer and more(prenominal) secure when their partner is nearby and responsive, the partner may be used as a secure base, when they may feel sick or threatened they will seek attention of partner which mimics their infant-mother relationship. Another psychologist Freud, also looks into unresolved conflicts as a child, he colligate this into adult relationships, where he concluded that this could cause difficulty forming. He explains this using our defence mechanisms.Again, Hazer and Shaver supports the thesis as they published the love quiz in an American Newspaper, and found that the majority of responses were secure attachment which gave them long lasting happy and stable relationships, however this could be due to a social desirability, as only certain category of people would reply to the newspaper advertisement, for example middle class, or those that are happy in their rel ationship are more likely to respond to the ad rather than those in an unhappy unfulfilling relationship.The participants were given 3 statements which each reflected the type of attachments that Mary Ainsworth found, he found those who were securely connect trusted each other and was in a happy stable relationship, those who were insecure avoidant were uncomfortable beingness close to others and insecure resistant were likely to be possessive and preoccupied about their relationships.However this cartoon has been criticised for social desirability as participants may respond different knowingly that their information would be shared, and also for being retrospective as they are doing this from memory However there has been other explanations that suggests otherwise, for example Kagan presents the reputation hypothesis where different infants simply may just have different personalities, for Kagan the strange situation measures the constitution rather than attachment and the at tachment behaviours displayed are a reflection of this infants temperament.However the bizarre case study of the Czech twins would go against the continuity theory as to where their childhood attachment were abusive, unsatisfied and had no social or emotional bonds went to the opposite after they were adopted by two loving sisters who they create a normal loving bond and both went onto have long lasting stable relationships, this doesnt show that adult relationships replicating childhood attachments as they are still able to have normal relationships without experiencing it at childhood.The continuity thesis is also very reductionist as they dont take in any other consideration or factors that can affect their relationships, for example peer influence, cultural differences for example, a collectivist culture is more likely to spend most their time mothering the child, so they are more likely to form an insecure attachment, but can still go on to developing normal relationships.

Leadership Impact Essay Example for Free

lead Impact EssayThis research wallpaper is written on the attractership styles and the impact they acquit on the workforce. My information is based on my use up observation while being employed in the U. S. Air Force. My paper will analyze Leadership styles by using two concepts from Robbins and Judge (2009). The two concepts I have chosen atomic number 18 Leader Behaviors (p. 397) and romance Statement (p. 415). Leadership Behaviors Being in the military for the past nine years has handsome me an opportwholey to see many different drawship expressions. Four leadership carriages Robbins and Judge (2009) defined are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented leaders (p. 397). The directive leader defines what is expected of the worker and schedules the work (p. 397). I feel that most throng start off in with this leadership behavior until they grow as a leader. The supportive leader is concerned with the needs of their followers and interacts with them (p. 397). I have worked with many leaders that have used this behavior and it make them a popular leader, but can make it hard for them to get work make by some of their followers.I have seen were the workers form advantage of a leader because they feel to a greater extent like a friend and not a boss. The participative leader takes the input of the follower and uses them before reservation a decision (p. 397). The Air Force leadership does use this behavior by using a yearly climate survey. The last leader behavior is the achievement-oriented leader. I feel that for the most part the behavior is the hardest to work for. This leadership style does not show much concern for the followers and does not take in their input. The leader is goal orientated and expects the followers to perform at their best to meet the goals (p. 97).Vision Statement A vision statement is a tool that leadership can use to report why the organization exists (Kaplan Norton, 2008). Most military unit s have a vision statement to motivate its members. My units statement is Safety first, By the book, Then on time. Our vision statement put the prophylactic of the workers first and the sets the attitude of how the work is to be done. Robbins and Judge (2009) state that a vision should be measure centered (p. 415) and all the military units I have worked for have had a vision statement that puts it people first.I feel it can make it easier to work for someone if they value you. Conclusion Leaders may use any of the behavior styles talk about in the paper. Charismatic leaders will examine to set a goal and good work environment for their workers (Fischer). The leaders of an organization will have to ensure they use the right behavior to motivate its workers. In Psalm 2811 David asks to be taught the Lords way and be lead in a straight path. I think this is how a rotary of employees feel and it is the job of the leaders to ensure they know what path the organization is going.

Why did relations between the soviet union and the US change in the years 1943-1956 Essay Example for Free

Why did relations between the soviet union and the US change in the years 1943-1956 EssayThe first reason is that Roosevelts death in April 1945 brought an end to every superficial unity that still existed at the end of World War 2 in 1943. Truman was this instant the American President, and relations between him and Stalin were deteriorating very quickly indeed, especially when Stalin was such a inflexible credit and Truman was less willing to compromise, compared to Roosevelt.The second reason is that America had developed the atomic bomb in June 1945. This vie a major part in the change in Trumans attitude at the Potsdam Conference in the same year. The successful development of the atomic bomb had lifted Truman on his high horse, and this links second to his attitude that clashed with Stalin. Now Truman was even more arrogant, and as a takings, it made Stalin even more determined to get his way.The third reason is that as a result of Churchills Iron Curtain Speech, the Truman Doctrine and marshall Aid, Stalin had responded to these by forcing communism on Eastern atomic number 63, then Comecon and Cominform, and hence the Berlin Crisis. This point marks the peak of the acold War when relations between the USSR and the USA were at their worst. This was because of the Berlin Blockade, when America had humiliated Stalin so devastatingly, with Stalin on the doorsill between firing at the airplanes, or ignoring them and keeping the blockade up. This is another example of Stalins stubborn nature, as tryn in the Potsdam Conference mentioned in the previous paragraph.Finally, the fourth and last reason is that as a result of the Berlin Crisis, President Truman had signed the NATO agreement in 1949, which was a clear union of America and Western Europe against the USSR and Eastern Europe, and most importantly, against Communism. This made Stalin furious, and he responded in defence with the Warsaw Pact in 1955. This dissemble shows that he is not to be outdone, and hence here at the peak of tension and conflict from 1943-56 we see the complete change that has occurred in the relation between the two powers.

Tell-Tale Heart Essay Example for Free

Tell-Tale Heart EssayIn Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart, the cashier has a hard time transaction with an sometime(a) mans disfunctioned eye, and he be dos insane. In this story an old man is killed merely because of his eye. The vote counter is crazy and tip stand the eye and he becomes outraged and suffocates the poor old man. Every night for weeks the narrator would glance his head in the old mans room and observe him sleep in everyway he could Oh, you would have laughed to enter how cunningly I thrust it in. () This quote shows how creepy the narrator truely was. He had been planning and watching the old man night after night before the very night he murdered him. The narrator was so precise and make everything perfected, or so he thoughtThe night the murder was to materialise the narrator was watching ever so carefully, the old man seemed to sense fear and awoken. He permit out a loud groan, and told himself the fear was all in his head It is nothing but the twis t in the chimney- it is only a mouse crossing the floor, or it is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp.() The narrator was so cunning and sly the old man didnt even carte his long glares all night. So late that quiet night, the old man was suffocated in his sleep because of his slipshod thinking.The old man is now dead and left under the floorboards to rot. Unexpectedly a pair of policmen come knocking on the door, but the narrator had nothing to fear, for her was incredibly slick and clean about this altogether thing. The narrator had welcomed the policemen inside the house to inspect everything and answer any questions needed The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease.They sat and while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt pale and wished them gone. () The narrator sweet talked his way out of the officers until they stayed so long his concience began to catch up with him. It made him so m old he couldnt off it. Just when he thought he was safe, he was completely wrong.The narrator couldnt take it anymore, he confessed and opened the floorboards for the officers to see. Off to the slammer for him.

India Today Essay Example for Free

India Today EssaySlowly, but surely, in the year 2000, India is beginning to erase the Nehruvian brotherly contract that created the public sector and bound the employees to a corporate unit and the corporate unit to the nation. In the age of restructuring and re-engineering that this has ushered, employees are no lengthy valued resources but expendable commodities. And likewise, the employers are no longer demi-gods and fuedal lords in one. They are going to become one with a mind-boggling scenario of a private sector, where the increase manager with the corporate experience of a lifetime might suddenly be written complete as hopelessly old fashioned and replaced with a young nerd, who along with, maybe the new owners driver, result be sitting on a stack of stock-options valued in millions. Clearly it is time to speak up seriously about wealth and what it means to be wealthy in India today. The last time Indians view self-cautiously about being rich through joint holdings with non blacks, was in the 19th Century when the East India caller revealed to the worldly wise Indians occupying crucial positions within the system, the plunder-potential of their land. They got busy right away. This continued for almost a ampere-second till historic events triggered off a freedom struggle under Gandhi over the equitable distribution and domestication of Indias wealth.The idealism lasted barely two decades. Political debates then were all about the baneful define of capitalism and money. It was okay to generate jobs but not great wealth which could corrupt our most quasi-religious institutions. Slowly some crusading investigative journalists and economists followed this logic and began to glean disturbing facts about the trumpeters of this brand of Hindu socialism. They do dark revelations repeatedly about questionable personal behaviour and financial chicanery that they had discovered among discordant political groups in power.

Compare and Contrast Television Essay Example for Free

Comp be and argument Television EssayThere atomic number 18 so many TVs to choose from nowadays days it is so hard to weft the right one. Maybe this guide will help you give away. The start color TV was introduced into the world in the year of 1966. It has taken 25 yrs for a mass acceptance. In todays society majority of the homes have the up to escort television. The new-fashioneder versions of TVS ar a better choice to make when picking out a TV. Here are angle of inclination of some web sites for you to look at before buying any TVs. http//shop. panasonic. com, www. bestbuy. com, www. rca. com.Television sets in the early nineties were pretty cool then even though a TV had a price tag of $750 for a 1997 28 inch Samsung. The graphic was ok but placid essential so much work on it to make it clearer. The other keeng about the TVs back then is its bulky and not to mention heavy. There are great advantages to having a TV in the 90s. You can hook up RCA jacks to use a videodisk player or video games. People in the 90s gave someone a new TV for a gift for Christmas or birthday or even a graduation present. In the year of 2012 there are so many ways to see the world of televisions.One of the ways is through the TV set of Panasonic VIERA HDTV. One plus is that they have a new sleek and thin look to them not to mention the price tag of more or less than $2,999. 99. New up to date Graphics are so exciting. There are taking the original 2D and go it into 3D eye popping full high definition. Smart phones in the last 5 old age and now for the year of 2012 there is a smart TV out there called SMART VIERA 55 Class WT50 Series Full HD 3D LED HDTV (54. 6 Diag. ). These TVs still have some of the basics that are on TV.You can still plug RCA jacks and besides hook up cables for game playing. You can also give these TVs as Christmas, birthday, wedding, or even a graduation present. Knowing these facts about televisions you should have enough confidence to go out and buy a new TV. Even go to a goodwill store and generate a good used TV there. If you were to go out and buy a new one you should get a newer model like the new 2012 models so you can get the most up to date applied science. With the older TVs being obsolete due to the technology in the year 2012.The sop shops dont even take them . with them being older than the year 2001. TVs are like cars they are always changing over a years time. There are so many TVs to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. You just have to keep looking for the right information for your own needs not everyone has the same needs that is also why there is so many models of TVS. The way the technology is increasing and moving forward in this short amount of time make you wonder how the coterminous 20 years of technology is going towards.

Grief, Loss, and Finding Meaning and Purpose Essay Example for Free

Grief, Loss, and Finding Meaning and Purpose Essay destruction is aroundthing that is prohibited of humans control, and it provide produce all kind of feelings, and attitudes. The following paper discusses critical issues associated with understanding and veneering expiration. in that respect atomic number 18 various feelings and emotions that a person can experience after they t mavin ending someone spare in their lives. Through out this paper we will try to identify, express, and disclose what had been discovered through out grief, and loss. at that place are several major issues associated with conclusion, but we will focus only on 2 of them. For instance when a person is facing death, that person would experience denial, isolation, impatience, bargaining, depression and acceptance but the twain major factors that will be discussed on this paper are depression and anger. According to the Merriam-Western Dictionary remnant is the act of dying, the end of life, and there are several ways of coping with the emotional reaction when facing death. We all experience many losses through our lives, and when the loss is the death of someone really wet to us, someone who we love and care roughperhaps a family member, a coworker, neighbor etc. That loss can exercise a grieving process that can surely affect the way se see things and continue our lives.One of the issues associates with understanding coping and facing death is anger. Lets say for instance that if the cause of death of a family member was something unexpected, anger feelings can take control over that person. Anger is a wide range of emotions, is a strong feeling of displeasure, and belligerence aroused by a wrong, wrath, ire. (Dictionary.com). On the other hand, when facing an early death of a love one, the dominant feeling present on the rest of the family is anger, leading them to a bitter indignation at having been experience the unfairly death of one of their family members. Th e anger of a person who is experiencing a loss, can be targeted many things, or personsperhaps anger at God for allowing that situation, anger over what seems unfairly and unjust.Another issue associated with understanding, coping, and facing death is depression. Individuals who are depressed use to isolate or withdraw them selves, they feel hope less and they are not ready to go back to their usual activities they feel hopeless. A persons attitude, beliefs, and values about death are gibe tohis/her cultural influence, and this will contribute with the way they respond when facing death and grief. An individuals culture would influence the way that individual will respond when phasing death. Culture can influence a person on the way they perform the ceremonies or rituals when grieving. For instance in some countries, when a child died the parents are allow to bath and dress the child with their own cloths, when in contrasting countries it is not permitted even to cry. These two di fferent ceremonies show the different ritual people have according with their culture, values and beliefs.Finding meaning and purpose can be disrupt of the grief process for those who face up a loss. Even though is not an easy process, that crisis can be turn into an chance to find true meaning. Many people can grow through grief, and learn to appreciate the value of life, and get under ones skin better persons. In many cases the grieving process can be an opportunity to unify the family who is suffering. There is always family issues that could separate a family, but the death of a member can be an opportunity to reunite that family, and that is when meaning and purpose take place in the grief process.Grief and loss are universal, and it cannot be controlled by any human kind. The stage of grief and loss occurs in respond to the death of a value personemotions and attitudes take control of those who are facing it. Loss is an unavoidable part of life, and grief is the healing pr ocess of those wounds that a loss could leave an in an individuals life.ReferencesKubler-Ross, E. Death The Final Stage of Growth. New York Prentice-Hall, 1975. http//cogprints.org/9155/Developmental theory. (2006). In Elseviers dictionary of psychological theories. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com.library.gcu.edu%3A2048%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Festpsyctheory%2Fdevelopmental_theory%2F0

Music therapy

medicament therapy harmony and Medicine medical specialty is heard in many places we go. We hear it while watching television at home. We lots turn in on in the car. We hear it while shopping, riding elevators, sitting in waiting rooms, and in many areas as we go about daily life. It has the ability to incite undischarged passion, make people angry, or break a heart and bring one to tears. William Congreve, a dramatist and poet, wrote the Mourning Bride. In Act I, Scene I he said, music has charms to soothe a idle beast. If one believes that to be true, it is easy to conclude that symphony is intentionally used to control mood in various venues in our life. For purposes of this paper, we allow for explore how medication is used in the healthcare setting. We will, based on explore, realize if music has an effect on patients and the healing process.The writings of Plato and Aristotle were some of the early indicators that suggested music could purify health. For those of us who believe the Bible, we know that theory was in practice long before these writers. The Bible says in I Samuel 1623, Whenever the Spirit of God came on Saul, David would take up his lyre and play. Then relief would recognize to Saul, he would feel meliorate, and the evil spirit would leave him. From the beginning, music has been used to soothe the soul. Modern music therapy formally began in the twentieth century after World War II. Musicians would travel to hospitals across the linked States to visit veterans who were suffering from shell shock. It only makes sense that the healthcare field would catch up and by design incorporate music into the healing process.Medicine relies on evidence-based practice. This means that on that point should be significant research to support putting that practice into place. There entertain been multiple studies to support using music therapy as part of a holistic approach to healing. Music therapy is defined as, the clinical and evidence- based use of music interventions to get hold of individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approve music therapy program. Currently, there are college curriculums dedicated to training music therapists, and the American Association of Music Therapists is in existence. Therapists are trained to assess and identify patients needs based on physical, social, and emotional factors, as easy as, their cognitive abilities. While one knows that music is used by many people, it is documented that patients have alter outcomes when a trained, professional music therapist is in control of this portion. This is based on their ability to determine what is in the patients best interest due to their assessment findings. There is no beginning or end point age where music is a benefit. Expectant mothers often play music to their unborn babies. It is said to spill endorphins in the mothers ancestrystream causing her to have happy fe elings. These feelings are transferred to the baby. Music is also often compete in a hospice setting where people are dying. It is thought to foster peaceful feelings with the patient and family during this problematical process. Obviously, just about people have preferences as to what kind of music they like. Some studies suggest, based on magnetic resonance imaging findings, that although we may differ in our preferences, our brains receive different kinds of music in much the same way. A couple of particular areas of the brain were looked at under MRI while participates listened to music that they had never had before. Those areas suggested that although the auditive experience may have been pleasing to some and non others, the brain highlighted increased activity in the same regions. So, even listening to something one does not particularly like, does not necessarily mean it will facilitate negative feelings. Which leads us to health benefits of music. Dr. Daniel Levitin, a psychologist who studies neuroscience of music at McGill University, performed several studies to determine the chemic reaction of listening to music. In one particular study, he was looking to see if patients who were waiting on surgery and listening to music were less anxious than those who were not, and which group required anti-anxiety medications. He found that music listeners were less anxious, required less medication, and had falld levels of cortisol. Cortisol is a stress hormone. Music listeners also had higher(prenominal) levels of immunoglobin A, which is an antibody related to immunity and having higher counts of cells that fight bacteria. The American Cancer Society also utilizes music therapy in treating oncology patients. They have additionally through research on its benefit. They found that, along with traditional treatment, music could alleviate relieve pain, as well as, reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy drugs. It also reduced depression, h eart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. All of this seems incredibly important when one is in a fight for his life against cancer. unrivalled of the most smart areas of music therapy is seen in children. According to the American Psychological Association, from pre-term babies to older children, the studies have been promising as to the effects of music on healing. Babies in an intensive care unit are touch by intense and intimidating equipment. It can assault their senses twenty four hours at a time. acting music to drown out the constant noise of that equipment has been shown to improve their sleep and eating patterns, and it can decrease the stress level of the parents there with the children. As with adults, children fight various illnesses. However, adults, most often, cope with difficult procedures better than children. The sheer idea of having a procedure will overwhelm a child more violently. They often react even before the procedure is started. One particular mu sic therapist, at Boston Hospital, began working(a) with a child who had to go for an x-ray and was extremely anxious. He followed the child throughout the process, constantly gentle her with instruments and music, and only stopped after the procedure was over. She never realized her x-ray was done, because she was so engaged in the activities. Autistic people have a difficult time engaging others, expressing their feelings, and some have problems with vocabulary development. Studies have shown music can cause improvements in these areas. Autistic children often are found to have incredible abilities related to music, and it helps reinforce positive behaviors. Our brain often associates memories with music. That is an important fact in treating Alzheimers and mania patients with music therapy. It has been shown to improve thought processes, memory and emotions. Another promising area of treating with music is in Parkinsons patients. It is not necessarily the sound of the music, but the vibrations from the music. The American Psychological Association has seen improvement of symptoms in these patients. It seems low relative frequency vibrations improve gait, reduce tremors, and make them less rigid. Hospitals and doctors offices play music in hallways, waiting rooms, and in most procedure rooms. It has a calming effect on patients, visitors, and staff alike. It reduces stress and anxiety, and makes an unpleasant situation, bearable.And the list goes on and on. While there will always be some who do not see the benefit, there is countless research supporting the use of music to improve healing. There continues to be research done on this subject daily. While conventional medicine makes leaps and bounds in countless areas, we should not throw out holistic treatments. What was good enough for Saul in the Old Testament, is still good enough today.ReferencesBerkeley Wellness. Music as Medicine. Berkeley University of California. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.Landau, Eliz abeth. This is Your Brain on Music. CNN. Web. 15 April 2013. Landau, Elizabeth. When Patients have Music Emergencies. CNN. Web. 23 August 2013.Novofney, Amy. Music as medicine. American Psychological Association. Web. Nov. 2013.n.p. I Samuel 1623. Bible Hub. Web. n.d.n.p. 4 Ways to Use Music as Medicine. Aging Care. Web. 21 March 2013.n.p. How to Play Music for Your Baby while Pregnant. Smarter Baby. Web. 16 regrets 2008.n.p. Music Therapy. American Cancer Society. Web. n.d.n.p. William Congreve. Answers. Web. n.d.Ridenour, Annette and Sadler, Blair. Improving Healing Through Art and Music. Healthcare Design. Web. 31 October 2007.

Role of Marriage in Society

Role of espousals in SocietyCulture is defined as the dynamic system of rules established by groups (Matsumoto Juang, p. 10). marry couple up is virtuoso of the norms established by people, which reflect office, beliefs and behaviors. Marri era is an interpersonal relationship with communal or spectral acknowledg custodyt which is often created as an agreement. marriage is rooted effectually in almost every fede ration except where common law quislings ar recognized. It is the bond that exclusively consents a enkindleual relationship, especially in collectivist countries where sex before versed union is considered a offend, desirewise some societies, especially collectivist countries likewise require official approval of religious or civil body. Across cultures, the anatomies of ancestral standards ar different. Beliefs of what comp devises a family ar based on culture, dynamics, assets, and ethics. In many cultures, extended family which includes married couples staying in the home of their parents is a get of showing cut and respect for example in Pakistan union is too basis for having children in those societies. Since issues like fornication and having children outside of espousal is considered taboo so to grow a family in collectivist cultures getting married is must. Our attributions, interpersonal and romantic relationships and group behaviors are all influenced by the culture we live on in thus resulting in the attitudes we energize towards a specific actions we take.Support opening, depression and illness including matrimonial satisfaction, communication pattern and attitudes towards marriage, they all differ across cultures and will be demonst strayed. Attitude towards marriage be the most important one, beca enjoyment the whole idea of relationship relies on the individuals perspective and preferences. It depends on the individual to prove it as a social foundation which administer structure, bet on, growth and stab ility or see it as an economic arrangement or as a part of religious institution. The western society tycoon pay more than importance to love whereas collectivist cultures might see as an obligatory and as a religious foundation to confound family.Spousal Social SupportSocial delay for women is greatly reduced in machismo cultures (Matsumoto Juang, p. 198). The conformity and obedience are expected by women and is related to traditional sex activity images that fe manlys and males have occupied with male traditionally be in queen. Such going aways result in sledding of support especially in cultures where women tend to get married at a young age since getting married at an early age is a form of economic survival it is also seen as a way to guard the female gender and to administer some adherence in settings where society is under pressure for example India. The support a married couple gets from their signifi angle abetter _or_ abettor is substantial, because support from outside the marriage does not compensate for the lack of spousal support (Xu Burleson). Belle (1982) termed support gap hypothesis which is that women receive less(prenominal) support from their husband comparingd to men even though the need Belle did was in 1980 and it has been almost a decade, the study done by Xu and Burleson indicates that social change in sex role relations has not changed. The different kinds of support received are emotional support, esteem support, nedeucerk support, discernible support and informational support. Research indicates that men are less comfortable and less skilled in discussing disturbed emotional resign (Burda Vaux 1987 Saurer Eisler, 1990 Trobst, Collins Embree, 1994). In Cross Cultural comparison of social support, Mortneson (1999) found that members of the American individualistic cultures viewed seeking of social support as more appropriate means of coping with problems than did members of the Chinese collectivist cultures. A merican individualists also rated the provision of emotional support as more appropriate form of emotional support than did Chinese Collectivists.Study done by Xu and Burleson, included 100 native born(p) Americans and 102 native born Chinese 45% of the exemplification were mingled with 18-24 yrs of age and not exceeding 33 years. All participants were recently married i.e. not more than 5 years. The study tried to obtain desire and experienced aims of spousal support for the five types of social support (emotional, esteem, network, informational and tangible). Participants also responded to demographic questions that provided information on age, sex, race, national origin, length of time they had known their spouse and the time they have been married. The results indicated a vast difference between Chinese support system vs. American support system Chinese men inform getting more esteem and network support from their spouse than Chinese women versus American women who experie nced high(prenominal) direct of support from their spouse than did men. Sex differences were found amongst Chinese and American women, both face a support gap but Chinese women face an additional gap with respect to network support. The results provided cross-cultural corroboration for the existence of support gaps, i.e. the less network support for Chinese wives that is because Chinese wives were reliant on their husbands for social contacts outside their home.Chinese also reported in getting more information support than did Americans, which could arise from Individualism-Collectivism a cultural factor. Americans view intimate relationship in terms of personal bear upon changes whereas Chinese in terms of connection with community. American men reported getting low level of spousal support than Chinese men that is because in traditional foster system, wives have an obligation to support the egos and social connections of their husbands and husbands have lesser responsibility. Results indicate that marriage remains more influenced by traditional value among Chinese men than Americans.Depression and Illness including Marital Satisfaction across CulturesIn collectivist societies, marriage is the central reality of a womans life and the blue print on which her life depends. Epidemiological studies put up the special vulnerability of women, especially married women, in randomness Asia (Johnson Johnson, 2001). High rates of domestic wildness (Jejeebhoy, 1998) female illiteracy, malnutrition, anemia and maternal mortality are major public wellness problems (Buckshee, 1997). Psychiatric epidemiologic studies consistently identify high rates of depression and separate neurotic illnesses in women and the gender ratio of these disorders on the subcontinent is higher than the gender ratio in the West (Mumford et al., 1996). Among married women in Pakistan, especially among freshly married women, attempted suicide (Khan Reza, 1998) and devastation rates from murder and suicide are higher than in are higher than in many other societies and are usually associated with in-law conflicts, especially parcel disputes (Kumar, 2004). Smaller scale studies of mental health and illness have found that a variety of disorders such(prenominal) as depression and post-partum depression were strongly associated with married problems, particularly maltreatment by husband or in-laws (Patel et al., 2002 Ulrich, 1987). Women immigrants report higher rates of depression and dysphoria than Native American women (Karasz, 2005).A study of traditional South Asian immigrant women and white European American women found that European American women viewed depressive symptoms as the result of genius structures shaped by childhood experiences, or by patho-physiological processes such as serotonin deficiency or hormonal imbalance. South Asian women, by contrast, viewed depressive illness as a normal emotional reception to severe situational stress, especially ma trimonial distress, and to the vulnerabilities associated with womens gender roles (Karasz, 2005). The present study by Karasz examines how women understand the link of married family problems and a wide range of health problems by examining their conceptual representations of the causal relationship between marriage roles, health and illness. Using qualitative methods and a model of illness representation from health psychology literature, 35 traditional South Asian immigrant women living in New York City were interviewed. Results indicated that problems associated with marriage roles, including married and marital family conflict, domestic overwork and isolation were viewed as extremely serious and were associated conceptually with a variety of health problems. In another study done by Qadir, De Silva, Prince and Khan, tested the applicability of marital satisfaction scales veritable in the West for use in Pakistan. The results indicate that, contrary to cultural beliefs regardin g marriage, most women expressed the subscribe to to be satisfied deep down marriage, which was found to be extremely low because of variety of reasons such as living in an extended family background and low spousal support.Communication PatternsRehman and Munroe did a study and utilize cross-cultural methodology to examine the demand-withdraw pattern of marital communication. In Western countries, women make more demands, whereas men are more liable(predicate) to withdraw. This advanced marital structure hypothesis suggests that this pattern can be altered by gender roles and beliefs, particularly in traditional marriages (Rehman Munroe, 2006). To test such hypotheses, the authors conducted an observational study of marital communication across very different cultures, with varying levels of patriarchy (i.e., 50 White American couples, 52 Pakistani couples in Pakistan, and 48 immigrant Pakistani couples in America). A questionnaire was utilise to gather demographic informatio n, such as age and education.The Short Marital Adjustment Test (SMAT Locke Wallace, 1959) a standard bank note of marital adjustment with well-established psychometric properties was the measure of marital satisfaction level. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS Straus, 1979) was used to screen out violent couples. Modified General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ Tsai, Ying, Lee, 2000) only the immigrant couples completed this measure of acculturation to U.S. culture. unavailing to find acculturation measures designed for The Desired Changes Questionnaire the DCQ was used to choose topics for each couple to discuss during their marital interactions. Twenty areas are listed (e.g., Get together with my friends).3 For each area, spouses rated how much they wanted their partner to change (1- no change 7- much more) they then listed at least two additional issues on which they wanted partner change and rank ordered their three most important issues. Each couple was also asked to discuss for 7.5 minutes, which were later coded.Across cultures, demand-withdraw communication was related to marital distress, extending previous findings to new groups. The results for demanding behaviors showed that Pakistani wives were importantly more likely to engage in timid demands than were American wives, whereas American wives were significantly more likely to use aggressive demands than were Pakistani wives. In addition, among Pakistani and immigrant couples, husbands were significantly more likely than were wives to use aggressive demands, whereas American wives were significantly more likely to use aggressive demands than were American husbands. There was a trend for American husbands to be more likely to withdraw than their wives. In contrast, in the Pakistani group, wives were significantly more likely to withdraw than were husbands. In addition, Pakistani and immigrant wives were significantly more likely to withdraw than were American wives, whereas American husbands were sig nificantly more likely to withdraw than were Pakistani husbands. Pakistani and immigrant wives showed increased withdrawal and made more unassertive demands, whereas Pakistani and immigrant husbands withdrew less and made more aggressive demands.Attitudes towards weddingAttitude is one of the definitions in Jungs Chapter XI of Psychological Types. Jungs description of attitude is a readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way (Jung, 1921 1971par. 687). One of the types of attitudes Jung describes is, rational attitude, which is reason as an attitude (Jung, 1921 1971 par. 785). Rational attitude is subdivided into thinking and feeling and irrational is subdivided into sensing and intuition. Attitude towards marriage involves, readiness to act in a certain way, whether you are capable of considering it rationally or irrationally. Why an individual chooses to get married? (voluntarily and involuntarily) differs across cultures. In collectivist cultures, it is seen as the o nly way of having family, fornication is not only considered a sin but also an individual can be severely punished which can lead to his/her death some countries also have laws protecting it for example Saudi Arabia.Higgins, Zheng, Liu and Sun did a study to compare the attitude towards marriage amongst people living in China (collective culture) and United Kingdom (individualistic culture). The British sample consisted of 338 students and the Chinese sample consisted of 505 students. A questionnaire was devised by Chinese and English researchers working together. Respondent cultural differences in response style were noted (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). According to Triandis, Brislin, and Hui (1988), people who belong to collectivist, group-oriented societies are more likely to value harmony, face-saving, modesty, and moderation and this may manifest itself in torpid answers to attitude scales. Respondents were asked for their opinion using a 5- office Likert scale. In this stu dy, students were asked for their general attitude to sex before marriage. A total of 46.3% of Chinese men and 41.2% of Chinese women gave neutral answers, a higher percentage of Chinese female students (46.9%) were against sex before marriage than were Chinese male students (29.9%). The next statements concerned the connection between premarital sex and marriage. Most British students (85.2% men, 91.3% women) disagreed with A couple who have had sexual intercourse before marriage ought to marry each other, whereas only a fewer Chinese (12.9% men, 11.4% women) disagreed.The belief that sex is designed for marriage is still firmly held by many Chinese people and exerts a strong influence on their attitudes (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). When asked about their willingness to marry a partner who had had sex with somebody else, over half of the British respondents (54.0% men, 50.6% women) did not seem to worry about their partners previous sexual experience whereas their Chinese cou nterparts (34.0% men, 36.5% women) appeared to be less agreeable to the idea. 87.1% male and female 94.3% students were against freedom to have lovers within marriage. This attitude was also prevalent among the Chinese sample, with 65.6% of men and 72.5% of women against extramarital lovers, this study showed that these male-superior norms still exist in the U.K. sample but are more prominent in the Chinese sample (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). Culture exerts a strong influence on peoples attitudes to love, marriage, and sex. People from a more traditional society (e.g. China) have more consensus about the gender roles of men and women adhere more to traditional morality and values and are less open about sexual freedom (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002).Hojat, Shapurian, Shafeyhain and Parsi conducted a study amongst 160 Persian immigrants in the US in 2000. The immigrants were between 20 -50 years of age, questionnaires were given which included 25 questions regarding attitude t owards marriage and relationship. Results showed that Iranian immigrant men were more likely than female partners to view premarital sex, marriage and family from a traditional point of view.Another interesting study done by Wiesel and Krenawi consisted of 150 participants of different cultural backgrounds i.e. 29 were Druze, 32 were Muslims and 33 were Christians 44 were women and 50 were men with a mean age of 34. The questionnaires were designed to reveal attitudes toward love, the marriage expectation scale, potency scale, which will reveal the see of things, and mate selection scale which revealed how the person took initiative in getting married (love or arranged). Results indicated Muslims saw love as less important for marital quality than did Druze and Christians, Muslims more than other groups correlated independent decision making with marital quality, attitude toward love and marital quality were weakly correlated among Muslims, the necessity to beget off spring and uni ty between families were high amongst Muslims than other groups suggesting what might keep the families together in the absence of love. The results also suggested that arranged marriages are negatively associated with marital satisfaction and low level of marital satisfaction was related with low level of education.DiscussionThrough a variety of perceptions, one develops an exclusive analogue of what marriage is and the ancillary ideals concerning marriage. My catch always said that successful marriage depends on two things finding the right person and universe the right person. Since I am a Muslim, I will give several quotations from Quran which I support as my belief and my idea of a perfect family and what a perfect husband and married woman should be like. Though I must admit with time, I have come to realize that to be perfect one must have to sacrifice a lot and since marriage is a two way street one has to give a lot in order to get anything. In Islam, marriage is treated as half-faith. When a servant of Allah marries, he has completed half of his religious obligations, and he must fear Allah in order to complete the second half (al-Baihaqi). Prophet Muhammad has also said, Marriage is part of my *Sunnah, whoever runs away from my path is not from among us. Husbands and wives are compared as garments to each other (al-Quran 2187) Marriage gives tranquility (al-Quran 3021) of mind in the spouses. Allah has prescribed marriage as the only way for connubial relationship and family life in human society (al-Quran 2221, 55, 2433).With enough being said of the significance of marriage in Islam, its a shame to see that Muslim women face higher suicidal rate than men in Pakistan (Khan Reza, 1998). Most marriages in Pakistan are arranged by parents and other elders of family, with the woman having little or no say in the selection of her partner. Premarital meetings between couples are rare. Many couples meet each other for the first time on their wedding n ight. Newly married couples share the house with the grooms family, having little time or space of their own. Once married, a woman is under increasing pressure from her in-laws as well as her own family to have children as soon as possible, preferably in the first year. If for some reason the woman cannot have children, the threat of divorce or the husband taking on a second wife (allowed in Islam) is not uncommon. The divorce rate in Pakistan is quite low 0.3 per 1000 population (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1996, p. 686) but this does not reflect the true state of marriages. There is considerable stigma to divorce, especially for the woman. In addition, few women work outside their homes or have jobs that give them economic independence. Because most of the South Asian and Middle Eastern countries give high power to men, the spousal support is something that men living in these countries expect from women. Being a housewife, taking divvy up of kids and most of all thinking of women as inferior is something common amongst these men. Because the families live together, there is not privacy, which gives rise to poor communication amongst married couples.My marriage was an arranged, it wasnt that my parents didnt ask me of my approval or if I didnt get a chance to talk to my husband, before getting married, that is something that a women in Islam has the right to do and people who are uneducated living in impoverished societies, deprive women of these right which gives rise to many social and marital problems. I must admit though, that living in an extended joined family, gave my husband and me little or no time for us, our life was going around in circles to which I always thought was no ending. But, being educated and having a liberal thinking we always made sure there was at least if not all, some privacy left, some matters that only me and my husband would discuss behind unkindly doors. While doing research for this paper, I sadly have to confess that women l iving in Asian or Middle eastern countries do suffer more, which didnt come to me as a surprise because Ive lived in Pakistan and have seen it all, but my question and concern was who will ever put a stop to all this folderol?. Sadly, women is a victim in these countries but women are also who are perpetuating these hatred and violence in the household. A woman can take many forms, she can be a daughter, a beat in law, a sister in law, a wife, an aunt etc. most importantly she is the one who raises a child to be the kind of person she wants to see him as unfortunately in countries like Pakistan and India, it is the woman (mother in law) who forces their child to be stern and harsh to their wives, I think its because of the fact that they cant stand the undivided attention of their sons or maybe they think keeping a women under control will only bring out the best for their sons. Who will ever think of these women who are cut?